ResourcesGulf of Maine Library CollectionThis library is comprised of all the research papers, conference proceedings, monitoring guidebooks, annual reports, and newsletters which the Maine State Planning Office gathered in an effort to become the official home of the Gulf of Maine Library. It consists of nearly 200 documents, and aims to provide the Gulf of Maine community with the information it needs to make good decisions about the future of this precious region. The materials in the following list are in no particular order. We are in the process of developing a cataloging system and searchable database, but for the time being, use your browser's search function (found in the EDIT menu) to find particular words, names, locations, etc. Documents cited near the bottom of the page include abstracts and, in some case, full documents.Contact David Keeley if you would like to borrow or copy any of these documents. Penobscot Bay Maine - National Estuary Program Nomination. Gro Flatebo and Anne Hayden. March 1995. The Gulf of Maine Regional Marine Research Program: Report on Research Program. May 1997. Government of Canada. Canada’s Green Plan. 1990. 174 pp. Environment Canada. Health of Our Oceans 1987/1989 Progress Report. November 1989. 32 pp. Maritime Resource Management Service. Nova Scotia Fisheries Atlas. May 1982. 44 pp. Hunter and Associates. Fundy Coastal Zone Study - Map Descriptions. Hunter and Associates. Fundy Coastal Zone Study. 287 pp. Marine Law Institute. Comparative Assessment of State Laws Protecting the Marine Environment of the Gulf of Maine - Appendix F: Summaries and Abstracts of State Laws. February 1991. Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. Evaluation of GulfWatch 1992. June 1994. 141 pp. Environment Canada. The Atlantic Region of Canada: An Ecological Perspective. March 1984. 28 pp. Coastal 2000 - A Consultation Paper. July 1994. 109 pp. Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. Annual Report 1991/1992. 12 pp. Environment Canada. Atlantic Region - State of the Environment Reporting. 12 pp. Van Dusen, Katrina. Our Fragile Gulf. 1990. 7 pp. Gulf of Maine 1993 Bibliography. Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine. 1993. 5 pp. Sanctuary Journal of the Massachusetts Audubon Society. October 1990. 30 pp. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Gulf of Maine Coastal and Estuary Program. March 1991. 9 pp. Brooks, David A., A Brief Overview of the Physical Oceanography of the Gulf of Maine. 18 pp. Gottholm, B. William and Donna D. Turgeon. Toxic Contaminants in the Gulf of Maine. 15 pp.
-- The Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine was founded in 1991, based on the recognition that there was a need to stimulate, facilitate and coordinate scientific research focused on the Gulf of Maine as a natural system. This association planned and initiated the Gulf of Maine Ecosystem Dynamics Scientific Symposium and Workshop which took place from September 16-19, 1996 in St. Andrews, New Brunswick. This resource is comprised of the panel remarks, plenary session papers, and working group reports which were presented during the proceedings of that week. One of the main goals for this scientific workshop was to produce the next generation of research priorities and scientific questions for the Gulf of Maine. Panel discussions focused on the contemporary management issues requiring scientific research, and the plenary session papers included such topics as Ecosystem Modeling Assessment and Human-Induced Biological Changes in the Gulf of Maine. The Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine was founded in 1991, based on the recognition that there was a need to stimulate, facilitate and coordinate scientific research focused on the Gulf of Maine as a natural system. This association planned and initiated the Gulf of Maine Ecosystem Dynamics Scientific Symposium and Workshop which took place from September 16-19, 1996 in St. Andrews, New Brunswick. This resource is a list all of all the people who participated in this Scientific Symposium and Workshop. Characterization and Mitigation of Marine Debris in the Gulf of Maine. Porter Hoagland and Hauke L. Kit-Powell. October 1997. 41 pp. View this entire Document!! This report examines data on the temporal and spatial distribution of marine debris in the Gulf of Maine and the effectiveness of policy responses. It consists of two main parts: (1) the development of a historical "baseline" for marine debris distributions in the Gulf of Maine and (2) a review of existing debris reduction and prevention policies in the Gulf and elsewhere. The purpose of the report is to provide guidance for the future efforts to address the problems of marine debris in the Gulf of Maine. Two of the main conclusions of this study include the following: some 80 to 85 percent of marine debris collected in beach cleanups appears to be from shore-based sources, and the lack of data makes it difficult to establish the success or failure of particular approaches to marine debris. In their Action Plan, the Gulf of Maine Council outlined the need to identify "regionally significant habitats" in the Gulf of Maine for protection, restoration, and enhancement. A habitat panel, formed by the Council, agreed that such habitats could be identified as those areas of greatest importance to highly regarded species. After a survey was conducted to develop and rank a list of "priority species" based upon a variety of social and ecological criteria, two pilot projects were carried out to demonstrate approaches to delineating regionally significant habitats; one each in Great Bay and Passamaquoddy Bay. This document is a report of the results of a Peer Review which was convened to evaluate the results of the pilot projects and assess the projects based on general and technical acceptability of the findings, and the methods applied. This report basically summarizes the discussions of the panel which address each of the review criteria. The New England Aquarium in Boston, Massachusetts held a Forum entitled "Shipping/Right Whale Workshop" on April 17th and 18th, 1997, to provide an opportunity for representatives from the shipping industry, the scientific and conservation communities, and the federal and state agencies responsible for protecting right whales and regulating shipping to initiate discussions on developing a strategy to reduce the impact of shipping on right whales. The workshop’s goal was to have forum participants examine current research and mitigation initiatives, possible technological solutions, potential regulatory measures, and the operational structure of the shipping industry. This resource includes all the working group discussion points and summaries developed at the workshop, and the plenary session papers that were presented. The findings and recommendations concluded upon by the end of the workshop are included as well. Marine Conservation News-Vol. 9, No. 1, Spring 1997. Center for Marine Conservation. 23 pp. Marine Conservation News is published by the Center for Marine Conservation, committed to protecting ocean environments and conserving the global abundance and diversity of marine life through science-based advocacy, research, and public education, and the promotion of informed citizen participation to reverse the degradation of our oceans. This volume is particularly important to the Gulf of Maine program for its article ‘Saving Whales and Dolphins, One Fishery at a Time’. This article sites the Gulf of Maine Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Team as one of its conservation teams fighting in the Gulf for a marine mammal species. The article also sites the Gulf of Maine sink gillnet fishery as one fishery contributing to mortality of right whales exceeding the biological level that would allow the species to grow. Environmental Data and Information Management System (EDIMS) is on-line resource for the Gulf of Maine Program. This document is a printout of the main bits of information available for use on the Internet. There is an Information Management Committee bulletin board where you can post a message. There is an address database which can be searched by e-mail address, name, or keyword, as well as allow for new addresses to be entered. There is also mailing lists, worldwide web access statistics for EDIMS, and a searchable directory for databases. The most important features also available for use are the document library and publications list. Here, certain documents can be downloaded for personal use and a large list of publications concerning the Gulf of Maine are suggested. One neat thing that is provided here is a list of web sites that people in the Gulf of Maine community might be interested in. Gulf of Maine News-Winter. Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine. 1996. 16 pp. This newsletter is published by the Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine, which was founded in 1991, based on the recognition that there was a need to stimulate, facilitate and coordinate scientific research focused on the Gulf of Maine as a natural system. In this issue, winter 1996, there are three main articles: ‘Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone: An International Science Program with Relevance to the Gulf of Maine,’ ‘Canada GLOBEC Atlantic Program,’ and ‘Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in the Gulf of Maine Sediments Visualized by Principal Component Analysis (PCA).’ In this newsletter, there is a workshop reports and updates section, a resources section, and a section called the Internet corner. There is also a calendar with upcoming dates of Gulf of Maine importance. The 1995 Gulf of Maine bibliography was published by the Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine, which was founded in 1991, based on the recognition that there was a need to stimulate, facilitate and coordinate scientific research focused on the Gulf of Maine as a natural system. The bibliography contains scientific contact information for members of the biology, chemistry, geology, hydrology, interdisciplinary, management, and physics communities working in the Gulf of Maine. The names were obtained by searching for the following keywords: gulf of maine, bay of fundy, georges bank, georges basin, scotian shelf, maine, nova scotia, massachusetts, cape cod, estuarine, and coast. The contact information for these contacts was accurate as of November, 1995. Identification of Important Habitats in the Lower Casco Bay (Maine) Watershed, Arnold Banner and Jon Libby. View this entire document!! This report focuses on the clear depiction of important habitats in Gulf of Maine/Casco Bay area, offering species habitat maps and listing funding opportunities for local conservation groups interested in habitat protection. Mapping Important Habitats of Coastal New Hampshire, Arnold Banner and Gerald Hayes PDF. Available!! The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment,US Fish and Wildlife Gulf of Maine Project, and the Huntsman Marine Center cooperatively supported 2 pilot projects to map important habitats in U.S. and Canadian coastal areas. The pilot projects in Great Bay, New Hampshire and in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick were intended to develop methods for selection of evaluation species, for identifying and rating those species' habitats, for determining regionally important habitats based on that information, and for use of the maps and associated information in resource conservation. The analysis for Great Bay is described in detail, and maps of important habitats are displayed on this and linked webpages. These maps are being distributed to government agencies and to local conservation interests for their use in habitat conservation. This guide was published by the Boston Harbor Association, a nonprofit organization founded in 1973 to promote a clean, alive and accessible Boston Harbor, and was funded by the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. The citizen’s guide highlights ways that you can help keep Boston Harbor swimmable and fishable by taking actions at home, on the water, and in the community. For the home, this guide suggests environmentally safe ways to deal with household products, paint & other solvents, automotive products, and pesticides & fertilizers. It also provides easy ways of conserving water. On the water, this guide advises taking action if you see a potential pollution problem, and being an environmentally friendly boater. In the community, this guide suggests organizing a community service project, volunteering as a water quality monitor, contacting public officials, getting media coverage, or joining a local nonprofit organization. Doing these kinds of things is essential to making a difference for our environment. Also available in Spanish. This report focuses on the impact of domestic animal wastes on fecal coliform levels in the mainstream and tributaries in the non-tidal lower basin of the Ipswich River. The document mainly contains the scientific results of water samples that were collected and analyzed for fecal coliform and optical brighteners during both dry weather and wet weather events. The author points out that high concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria in the river and its tributaries have severely impacted the shellfishing industry in Ipswich, and the main conclusion to the study is that a great deal of work still needs to be done in order to make it safe to reopen the shellfish beds in the Ipswich area because fecal coliform levels are too high. This document is just one of three main tasks for the ‘How Animal Wastes Pollute Water, and What You Can Do About It’ project, the other two being an inventory of town records to determine where sources of fecal contaminant exist near the mainstream or a tributary, and educational materials for all grade levels centered around a "hands on, seeing is believing" approach to learning an awareness of how activities throughout the watershed impact the coastal zone. Common Tern Habitat Restoration. Audubon Society of New Hampshire. Sept 20, 1998. 33 pp. This resource documents a project to protect, manage and enhance the breeding population of common terns on White and Seavey Islands of New Hampshire through a continued presence on the islands and the development and implementation of an outreach program designed to educate coastal resource users. The project had four main objectives: (1) to enhance and expand the established tern colony on Seavey Island, (2) to monitor common tern breeding populations on the New Hampshire mainland, (3) to contribute information to the development of a management plan by the Department of Resources and Economic Development to ensure the long term protection of White and Seavey Islands as a colonial seabird nesting site, and (4) to inform New Hampshire coastal residents and visitors about tern ecology, restoration and protection in the Gulf of Maine. This document presents the evaluations and recommendations produced from this project, as well as how the project was executed. Results from both the 1997 and 1998 field seasons were extremely encouraging. In November 1990, Public Law 101-593 was signed into law. It authorized the establishment of nine Regional Marine Research (RMR) Programs to: (1) set priorities for regional marine and coastal research in support of efforts to safeguard the water quality and ecosystem health of each region, and (2) carry out such research through grants and improved coordination. The Gulf of Maine is one of the nine regions. This document is a report on the Gulf of Maine Regional Marine Research Program. It presents the findings and conclusions of on-going research projects conducted in the Gulf of Maine region as of February 1995; it also offers recommendations for improvements in the design or implementation of programs for the protection of the marine environment. The report includes data and information concerning ecosystem health within the Gulf region and appendices which provide technical progress reports and summaries of research proposals funded in the first three years of the Gulf of Maine RMRP. There are progress reports for twelve research projects. The Gulf of Maine Scientific workshop (GOMSW) was the multidisciplinary initiative of a group of U.S. and Canadian ocean scientists and environmental managers. Created by the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment, the GOMSW was structured with invited talks, poster presentations, and working groups, all designed to promote communications across disciplinary, functional and national boundaries. This workshop, which took place from January 8th to the 10th, 1991 at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, gathered 250 coastal ocean research scientists and engineers, environmental managers, commercial and industrial leaders and informed citizens. This resource is comprised of the opening remarks, invited papers providing a Gulf overview, and working group reports which were presented during the proceedings of those few days. The resource also provides such things as a list of all workshop participants, a list of Gulf of Maine research and monitoring programs, and all poster session papers presented during the workshop. April 10th to the 14th, 1994, the Environmental Protection Agency co-sponsored the fourth in a series of National Volunteer Water Monitoring Conferences. More than 300 people - volunteer program organizers, volunteer monitors, government and business representatives, and educators - came to Portland, Oregon to share their experiences, insights, methodologies, questions, and enthusiasm. This document is comprised of all the plenary papers that were presented during the week, and these papers show, among other things, that volunteer programs nationwide are working to develop collaborative partnerships with businesses, government, and universities. A complete address list of all those who attended the conference is given as well. The conference was held at Portland State University. This document presents the discussion and research that was initiated by a conference that occurred on May 30, 1997 at the Warren Conference Center in Ashland, Massachusetts. The purpose of the conference was to present available information about effects of fishing gear on New England’s sea floor and on fishing productivity, benthic habitats, and biodiversity. This resource includes all the papers delivered at the conference, as well as a summary of discussion and recommendations from the conference, but is not limited to a simple report of the conference proceedings. This document also includes the following: fishermen’s perspectives on their gear and on fish habitat, two additional papers researched after the conference, an overview of the geology of New England’s sea floor, and a section of additional observations by fishermen and scientists. A discussion of the management implications and options is beyond the scope of this resource. Among those responsible for the funding of this volume are the Center for Marine Conservation, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and the Regional Marine Research Program for the Gulf of Maine. This resource is a manual which compiles methodologies and techniques used in volunteer programs for estuarine waters across the United States. This information is useful not only to the citizen monitor but also to the administrators of these volunteer monitoring efforts. This manual describes specific techniques that managers can use to enhance exiting programs or to launch a new volunteer monitoring program. The focus of this document is the identification of those water quality parameters that are most important in determining an estuary’s water quality. The significance of each parameter and specific methods to monitor it are then detailed in a step-by-step fashion. This manual stresses proper quality assurance and quality control techniques to ensure that the data are useful to state agencies and any other data users. This resource is a companion document to Volunteer Water Monitoring: A Guide for State Managers, and is published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The goal of the Friends of Casco Bay Citizens’ Water Quality Monitoring program is to coordinate a baywide citizen monitoring program which will provide quality data to assist in the monitoring and protection of the waters of Casco Bay and its watershed. To meet this goal, quality assurance and quality control must be paramount in the program. These concepts are emphasized in volunteer training and in the development of sampling and analytical procedures. This documents presents the methods, procedures, and maintenance necessary to carry out and report the findings of this monitoring program in Casco Bay. It serves as a manual for the ongoing assessment of water quality in the Casco Bay. Casco Bay is part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Estuary Program, and the Citizens’ Water Quality Monitoring program is funded by the Casco Bay Estuary Project, organized and implemented by the Friends of Casco Bay. Citizens Program for the Chesapeake Bay, Inc. (CPCB) sponsored a pilot water quality testing project for volunteers as part of its Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) public participation grant from the Environmental Protection Agency. The data collected in this project can be used to further assist in determining seasonal and temporal trends and evaluating the water quality status of selected tributaries to the Bay. This documents presents the methods, procedures, and maintenance necessary to carry out and report the findings of this monitoring program in the Chesapeake Bay. It serves as a manual for the ongoing assessment of water quality in the Bay, and provides the necessary background for volunteers wishing to add their contribution to the success of the program. Publication of a coastal trends report series is an evolving activity of the Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment (OMA) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The series investigates and illustrates the effects of current and projected development in the Nation’s coastal areas. The series was initiated in 1989 as a program for strategic assessments of the Nation’s coastal and ocean resources. This document presents the analysis from the second report of a coastal trend series, which focuses on population growth and related development. This report describes recent and projected trends in size, distribution, and density of the Nation’s coastal population. These trends are examined by region, state, and county over a fifty-year period, 1960-2010. The northeast is one of the regions analyzed, and within this section Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, are considered individually for their population trends. This amendment, Amendment Number 2, revised the July 15th, 1991 agreement as amended by Amendment number 1, signed by the MeDEP Commissioner on October 23rd, 1992. It was understood by all parties that the programmatic work and management decisions under the Casco Bay Estuary Project would involve the cooperation of the CBEP Director and the EPA Project Coordinator, and would work in accordance with guidance of the Management Committee of the CBEP. This agreement was in effect until July 14, 1996, which was the end date of the approved project period for the cooperative agreement between U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and NEIWPCC for the Casco Bay Estuary Project(CBEP). This agreement was to be amended at any time by mutual consent and to be canceled by either party upon formal written notification. This resource documents this amendment, outlining all the responsibilities for the respective departments, and dealing with all program costs. This resource provides all the necessary information regarding awards of financial assistance such as federal grants or cooperative agreements. This report gives all the requirements for managing an assistance agreement, such as the proper procedures for complying with federal regulations, for requesting payment, for reporting, for closeout, and for records retention. There are sample documents of the standard forms used in reporting financial status, request forms for reimbursement, and a sample application. There is also an EPA grants specialist telephone listing, a post award kit survey, and a return mailing address. This document mainly serves as a manual for awards of financial assistance. This resource contains the pertinent data sheets and project maps for Federally authorized civil works projects along the rivers and harbors of Maine and New Hampshire. This booklet is Volume 1 of a three volume series which documents these civil works projects along the entire New England coast from the New York-Connecticut state line to the United States-Canada border. Each project is listed individually along with its current status, progress to date as of September of 1982, and cost of new work done. For each project, there is also additional information such as when the last full report was conducted and the mean range of tide for the area being worked on. The index of this resource includes a listing of pertinent federal and state agencies in the New England Area having jurisdiction in the waterways and along the shoreline. This address and contact information is probably outdated. Designed by the Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, this handbook explores the life history of the most endangered whale, the northern right whale, and the Sanctuary’s history with the whale from exploitation to conservation. This handbook is designed for the classroom, there are four engaging teaching activities that students will thoroughly enjoy and remember. These activities are aimed at students to awaken them to the presence of this rare and endangered ocean neighbor and them discover that we as humans can and should navigate more carefully to protect the right whales future. This resource is one unit in a more comprehensive education module developed about key endangered and threatened species in Georgia. This document is important to the Gulf of Maine because the right whale is also a key species in the Gulf’s ecosystem. In addition to the student activities listed, there are also four informational articles: whales great and small, hunting the right whale, migration, and anatomy & physiology. Most of the activities deal with anatomy and physiology of right whales, one deals with migration. As of March 27, 1995 the Massachusetts offshore fishing fleet had become over-capitalized due in large part to federal government incentives which followed the implementation of the Magnuson Act in 1976. The act banned foreign vessels from fishing within a 200 mile boundary of United States waters. As a result, fishing effort efficiently had developed beyond the capability of groundfish spawning stock to be self-sustaining. The drastic decline in available stocks of groundfish, especially cod, haddock and yellow-tail flounder, had adversely affected the Commonwealth’s fishing fleet and, in turn, severely impacted the associated marine industries (processors, distributors, outfitters, machinists, etc.). This document reports the issues and recommendations that resulted from this situation. The five maine issues raised are: fleet reduction, harvesting of underutilized alternate species, display auctions, aquaculture, and the coordination of existing and future funding programs and economic development projects. Many recommendations are given for each issue. The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding to initiate quadrangle-based wetland trends studies for selected areas in the Gulf of Maine. These studies identify the extent and nature of wetland alterations for designated local areas. This report presents the findings of the wetland trends analysis study for selected areas of the Casco Bay Estuary. It is one of the four study areas in the Gulf of Maine chosen by the Service for detailed wetland trends analysis. The study area of this resource is located in southwestern Maine, along the coast from Cape Elizabeth and Old Orchard Beach to Phippsburg and Richmond. The analysis mainly involved the comparison of aerial photographs from two different time periods, one from 1974-77 (mid 1970’s), and the other from 1984-87 (mid 1980’s). The overall trend for the study area’s wetlands was losses of vegetated wetlands and gains in nonvegetated wetlands (mostly ponds). Although this report documents recent trends in the study area’s wetlands, it does not address changes in the quality of the remaining wetlands. The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding to initiate quadrangle-based wetland trends studies for selected areas in the Gulf of Maine. These studies identify the extent and nature of wetland alterations for designated local areas. This report presents the findings of the wetland trends analysis study for selected areas of the Cobscook Bay/St. Croix River Estuary in Maine. It is one of the four study areas in the Gulf of Maine chosen by the Service for detailed wetland trends analysis. The study area of this resource is located in east-coastal Maine, from the Canadian border along the St. Croix River at Calais, to West Quoddy Head in Lubec, to the Grand Manan Channel off Trescott. The analysis mainly involved the comparison of aerial photographs from two different time periods, one from 1975-77 (mid 1970’s), and the other from 1983-85 (mid 1980’s). The overall trend for the study area’s wetlands was losses of vegetated wetlands as they were converted to gains in nonvegetated wetlands or deepwater habitats. Although this report documents recent trends in the study area’s wetlands, it does not address changes in the quality of the remaining wetlands. The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding to initiate quadrangle-based wetland trends studies for selected areas in the Gulf of Maine. These studies identify the extent and nature of wetland alterations for designated local areas. This report presents the findings of the wetland trends analysis study for selected areas from York, Maine to Rowley, Massachusetts. It is one of the four study areas in the Gulf of Maine chosen by the Service for detailed wetland trends analysis. The study area of this resource is located along the coast of Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, from Argo Point in York, Maine to Plum Island in Rowley, Massachusetts (also included are the Isles of Shoals in Maine and New Hampshire). The analysis mainly involved the comparison of aerial photographs from two different time periods, one from 1977, and the other from 1985-86. The overall trend for the study area’s wetland was losses of vegetated wetlands and gains in nonvegetated wetlands (mostly ponds). Although this report documents recent trends in the study area’s wetlands, it does not address changes in the quality of the remaining wetlands. Marine Debris Project Highlights - May 1997. View this entire document!! Throughout the Gulf of Maine Watershed, concerned citizens, community groups, and government organizations are working together to reduce the incidence of marine debris through education, prevention, and cleanup. This newsletter describes efforts supported by the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment (GOMC), a group of representatives from the provinces and states of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire. By encouraging and providing funding to groups such as those shown on the map below, the Council works towards one of its goals: to significantly reduce the amount of marine debris in the Gulf of Maine. This resource provides the project descriptions which highlight successful projects carried out in 1996, and the Council’s workplan for addressing the marine debris issue in 1997. Volunteer Water Monitoring: A Guide For State Managers. US EPA. 78 pp. A companion document to Volunteer Estuary Monitoring: A Methods Manual, this resource is a guide to the management of citizen volunteer monitoring programs which aim to assess the quality of our Nation’s water resources. Although specific approaches will vary depending on the type of waters to be assessed, the parameters to be monitored, and the amount of resources the State is able to commit to the program, this guide nonetheless helps new programs build on the experiences of successful, established programs and avoid any pitfalls they may have encountered. This guide also serves to help improve existing volunteer programs and spark interest in States that have not yet made made plans to work with citizen volunteers. The following chapters are included: volunteers in water monitoring, planning a volunteer monitoring program, implementing a volunteer monitoring program, providing credible information, and costs & funding. This is also an appendix which describes five successful programs, one in Illinois, Kentucky, New York, Ohio, and the Chesapeake Bay. Marine Protected Areas in the Gulf of Maine PDF. Downloads!! This resource is actually a connection to a number documents concerning Marine Protected Areas in the Gulf of Maine. This useful site defines marine protected areas (MPAs), offers an extensive reference list, and reports on the results from a survey on the potential of a MPA program for the Gulf of Maine. The document identifies key aspects in the development of a possible marine protection initiative. There are six documents in this resource, they include: Marine Protected Areas in the Gulf of Maine: A Survey of Marine Users and Other Interested Parties; Marine Protected Areas in the Gulf of Maine: A Report on the Results of a Workshop, April 24-25, 1997; and an Evaluation of Legal Mechanisms For Establishing Marine Protected Areas In the Gulf of Maine. Massachusetts Bays 1996 Comprehensive Conservation & Management Plan. The Bays Program. 1996. 57 pp. The Massachusetts Bays Program (MBP) is a federal, state, and local partnership funded by the EPA and the Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs. The Massachusetts Bays Program was launched in 1988 to actively address the mounting environmental threats to the health of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays. This document outlines the MBP’s Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan, which serves as the ‘blueprint’ for coordinated action among all levels of government to restore and protect water quality and the diverse natural resources of the Massachusetts Bay estuary. Two of the projects main goals are improving the habitats of living resources in Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays, and protecting public health by minimizing risk from environmental contaminants. This resource describes and discusses the fifteen major action plans of the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan in great detail. Also discussed in some depth is CCMP’s plans for the implementation, financing, and monitoring of the action plans. Together, these plans expect to lead to the restoration and protection of the Bay’s water quality, living resources, and species habitats. This document, the 1990 National Shellfish Registry of Classified Estuarine Waters, describes declines in estuarine water quality, decreases in the acreage of approved molluscan shellfish-growing waters, and continuing declines in the Nation’s shellfish harvests. Relationships between these declines are discussed in this resource, and although declines in any given year, and even from 1985 to 1990, are not dramatic, an almost inexorable trend that threatens to destroy the harvest of wild or natural shellfish continues throughout the Nation’s coastal areas. The 1990 Register covers 3,172 shellfishing areas encompassing 18.7 million acres of classified estuarine and offshore waters in 23 states. This reports provides data for regional geographic areas (north atlantic, middle atlantic, south atlantic, gulf of mexico, and pacific), and each region is broken down by state. There are the following appendices to this resource: classification by state, classification by estuary, pollution sources, landings by state, and state shellfish programs. This report was funded by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding to initiate quadrangle-based wetland trends studies for selected areas in the Gulf of Maine. These studies identify the extent and nature of wetland alterations for designated local areas. This report presents the findings of the wetland trends analysis study for selected areas of the coast of Massachusetts, from Plum Island to Scituate. It is one of the four study areas in the Gulf of Maine chosen by the Service for detailed wetland trends analysis. The study area of this resource is located along the coast of Massachusetts, from Plum Island in Rowley, Massachusetts to Scituate, Massachusetts. The analysis mainly involved the comparison of aerial photographs from two different time periods, one from 1977, and the other from 1985-86. The overall trend for the study area’s wetland was losses of vegetated wetlands and gains in nonvegetated wetlands (mostly ponds). Although this report documents recent trends in the study area’s wetlands, it does not address changes in the quality of the remaining wetlands. In Connecticut, historic tidal wetland losses have resulted from activities such as dredging and filling. As a result, the restoration of degraded tidal wetlands has been a priority of the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection for some time. This document presents the findings of a study conducted by the Corps of Engineers under the Planning Assistance to States Program and Coastal America initiative. This report evaluates the relationship of transportation crossings to degradation in coves where the dominant aquatic resource is tidal wetlands dominated by Phragmites. The findings from eight tidal wetland sites in eastern Connecticut are presented in this resource. Each site was suspected to have degrading or degraded tidal wetlands believed to be caused by tidal restrictions associated with transportation crossings. The sites were selected from the geographic range New Haven to Stonington. Access to high quality and up-to-date scientific and technical data and information is essential to the conduct of scientific research and resource management. As of July, 1998 the Council on the Gulf of Maine and the Regional Marine Research Program had separately supported regional efforts by several institutions in the development of two related on-line data and information systems, REDIMS and EDIMS. This resource documents the efforts to help these information systems reach their full potential. It presents the recent actions of each group towards the increased success and accessibility of these on-line resources, as well as introduces the recommendations from both the Council and Association. This document also includes the workshop proceedings of Data and Information workshop that was convened as one of next steps in the organization of these two data systems. This report identifies and analyzes non-governmental funding options for the Gulf of Maine Program. It was prepared by the Secretariat of the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment to aid the Council’s Finance Network. The purpose of this document is to examine the many aspects of foundation, corporate and individual giving, as well as some of the tax laws which regulate charitable giving in both Canada and the United States. Also, a large part of this report is dedicated to the review of other exemplary efforts at coordinated water body protection. Included in the resource is an overview of the Gulf of Maine Program and its objectives, as well as the recommendations produced as a result as this funding evaluation. There are two appendices to this document, one lists the most promising foundations for the funding of the Gulf of Maine Program, and the other provides a directory of files for the program. On March 27, 1997 the St. Croix Estuary Project released a comprehensive environmental management plan (CEMP) entitled Caring for Our Coast: A Plan for Community Management of the St. Croix Estuary Area. The sampling of Tributylin (TBT) and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment addresses two of the 50 actions in the CEMP that have been deemed, through research and public input, necessary to maintain and make improvements in the health of the St. Croix Estuary. These actions are as follows: (#17) assess PAH concentrations and potential ecological effects, and (#41) assess TBT concentrations and potential ecological effects. PAHs and TBT have been identified as toxic substances of concern to human and environmental interests. This document presents the project, and its findings, which was undertaken in order to determine the impact these substances have had in the St. Croix Estuary. Included in this resource are the procedures, sampling methodologies, and decontamination instructions used for this study. St. Croix Estuary Area: A Profile, March 27, 1997. St. Croix Estuary Project. March, 1997. This document provides background information to Caring for Our Coast: A Plan for Community Management of the St. Croix Estuary Area, the environmental management plan developed by the directors, other volunteers and staff of the St. Croix Estuary Project (SCEP). This resource profiles the St. Croix Estuary Area, and contains a wealth of knowledge about the physical, biological and socio-economic settings of the Estuary Area. This report gives information on the existing jurisdictions for resource and environmental planning and management. The focus of the profile is on the estuarine and marine waters and associated resources of St. Croix Estuary Area. The examination of freshwater and terrestrial systems within the St.Croix River watershed in not included in this report. This document is aimed at local people and others who may need or wish to learn more about the water-based environment of the St. Croix/Passamaquoddy region. This document is a companion volume to The St. Croix Estuary Area: A Profile. It presents the management plan that followed the St. Croix Estuary Program’s initial work in 1993-94 to determine the values of local residents with regard to the St.Croix Estuary Area, and their vision for these coastal lands and waters. This resource also follows considerable research to identify and define key issues of interest to local people and others. Altogether, the plan addressed some 30 issues and recommends 50 actions. This document chronicles this comprehensive environmental community management plan through its creation, sustainability, and implementation and evaluation. Initiated by an overwhelming community vision, this plan aims to manage and protect the beautiful resources in and around the St. Croix Estuary Area. Final Report of the Seabird Restoration Program. Stephen W. Kress. September 9, 1998. 3 pp. This short, three page document is the final report on the National Audubon Society’s Seabird Restoration Program. The program had three main tasks: (1) establishment of an outreach program, (2) tern restoration on Pond Island NWR, and (3) Roseate tern research. This resource provides not only the procedures which were carried out in order to meet these tasks, but also the relative success or failure of each as of this final report on September 9, 1998. Generally speaking, all three projects showed signs of success. This report was funded by the U.S. Gulf of Maine Association. Mercury is a toxic metal that exists as a trace element in the earth’s crust. Once mobilized in the environment it can be transformed into methylmercury, a particularly toxic form of mercury that can bioaccumulate in fish and be ingested by fish-eating animals and humans. This document is a product of a regional study that was prompted by a desire to refine the results of a recent national evaluation of atmospheric mercury emissions that was conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in accordance with requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. This study is the result of a two-year collaboration of three interstate organizations - the Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, the Northeast Waste Management Officials Association, and the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission - together with the eastern Canadian provinces and Environment Canada. This document is primarily intended as an informational resource for state and provincial governments as they continue to address the mercury issue and seek ways to coordinate their efforts. There are many conclusions and recommendations in this resource as a result of this study, all are aimed at reducing the public health and environmental impacts associated with mercury. Gulf Links. A Resource Guide to Coastal Organizations in the Gulf of Maine Region. 84 pp. Gulf-links is designed to spark connections among organizations with similar objectives and encourage them to collaborate on projects of mutual interest. This guide is also intended to direct the general public to cultural and educational opportunities, advocacy and professional organizations, and sources of technical assistance. This document provides information on aquariums and maritime museums; educational and research organizations; environmental and conservation organizations; fishing, aquaculture, and marine trade organizations; national parks and wildlife refuges; and regional, state, provincial, and federal agencies in the Gulf region. The information provided in this resource, and the contact information (where included), was valid as of 1991. Information is given for all Gulf of Maine regions - Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Coastlinks. A Resource Guide to Maine’s Coastal Organizations. 70 pp. This resource, the 1997 addition of Coastlinks, provides a guide to Maine’s Coastal organizations, helping to discover and understand their goals, projects, and resources. Most of the entries of this resource have complete information on the organization’s goals, projects or programs, available resources, mailing and e-mail addresses, telephone and fax numbers, and, when available, Internet websites. The organizations are grouped under the following headings: aquaria, maritime museums/societies, educational and research organizations, environmental organizations, marine trade organizations, parks and sanctuaries, state agencies, cooperative extension offices, planning/municipal assistance, and miscellaneous. There are also many appendices with pertinent listings such as state parks along the coast and boat launching sites on saltwater and tidal rivers. The Role of Research in Community-Based Fisheries Management. Arthur Bull. 23 pp. This handbook is about the role of research in community-based management in the fisheries. It takes as its starting point the Fundy Fixed Gear Council’s (FFGC) research plans for its first two seasons of operation, 1996 and 1997. Based on this example, this document draws out some issues and questions about how research relates to community-based management (CMB) in general. The handbook has six main sections: (1) an account of FFGC’s research plan and the lessons that arose from it, (2) a general discussion of the role of research in CMB, (3) a survey of research approaches and methodologies currently in use in the fisheries, (4) a possible approach to research in CMB, (5) a list of tools and resources available to groups doing research as part of CMB, and (6) some general conclusions and suggestions about research and CMB. This resource is not a ‘how-to-manual’ for research by fishermen’s associations, it is rather a discussion of some ways that research might fit into CMB in general. An evaluation of the existing legal framework for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in necessary when considering an ecosystem-based approach to protection in the Gulf of Maine. This report describes and interprets the major agreements, laws, and programs relevant to establishing MPAs. In cases where laws are not geared exclusively towards creating MPAs, only applicable portions or sections are emphasized. This report is not meant to be an exhaustive list or detailed analysis of every law or program, but an evaluation and comparison of the options which would have to be employed if a Gulf-wide approach to MPAs is taken. This document’s main conclusion is that the greatest opportunity for designating and implementing MPAs in the Gulf of Maine lies at the federal level. The legal mechanisms applicable to MPAs in the Gulf described in this document fall under the following categories: international agreements, major federal laws and programs, supporting federal laws and programs, and state/provincial laws and programs. The Parker River Clean Water Association (PRCWA) is an independent, non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the restoration and protection of the ecological integrity of the Parker River, Plum Island Sound, their tributary streams, and adjacent lands. The Parker River-Plum Island Sound Basin covers 82 square miles in northeastern Massachusetts and contains extensive salt marshes. This handbook is designed to disseminate the methods of assessing potential tidal restrictions that were developed by the PRCWA to other volunteer-based efforts along the coast of the Gulf of Maine and elsewhere. This resource has five chapters: (1) the salt marsh: a place to value and protect, (2) getting started, (3) phase 1: visual assessment, (4) phase 2: measuring the tides, and (5) phase 3: taking action. The handbook also has two appendices, one goes over troubleshooting, the other provides some example data sheets for the field. Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment, Annual Report 1996-1997. 20 pp. This annual report highlights some of the progressive elements of the Gulf of Maine Council’s work for the year 1996-1997. It includes highlights of 1996-97 events, the Council’s 1996-97 project portfolio, their non-governmental organization (NGO) grant program, the 1996-97 visionary award recipients, the 1996-97 revenues for Gulf of Maine program, the 1996-97 budget, and the secretariat income and expenditures for the year 1996-97. This document also includes a membership listing, Gulf of Maine publications listing, and a Gulf watershed map. The Council’s greatest achievement for the year 1996-97 was the development and production of the five year action plan which re-evaluated its priorities for the next five years setting top priority focus on the coastal and marine habitats of the Gulf of Maine. Funded by the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, this resource is a compilation of materials and tools that can be used by schools to enhance their marine ecology curriculum. This resource as many interesting, fun to read and use, educational sections. There is information on marine intertidal ecology and the rocky shore with reference sheets pointing out important intertidal plants and animals. There is a Gulf of Maine marine coloring book, a booklet on Maine’s intertidal habitats, a booklet on the classification of marine and estuarine habitats in Maine, and a section dedicated to information about Phytoplankton with reference sheets for common plankton. This document also has sections devoted to marine algae, soft-shell clams, and clean water monitoring. Overall, this resource can be used as a great reference to marine ecology education for all ages. Coastal Zone 97 was the tenth in an important series of international meetings started in 1978 dealing with the management of coastal and marine resources. This was a particularly significant year for the Coastal Zone 97 conference because for the first time it was held in New England. This document is comprised of abstracts that reflect the best of some 600 papers submitted for presentation at the conference, which represent more than 30 countries. These two volumes completely cover the plenary session papers, oral presentations, and poster presentation abstracts which were presented during the proceedings of the conference. There was a wide range in the topics covered. To provide an example of this diversity here are to paper titles: (1) integrating science and management: the Massachusetts Bays Program experience and (2) effectiveness of diver education in the Florida Keys. The conference was hosted by the Boston Park Plaza Hotel in Boston, Massachusetts from July 19th to the 25th, 1997. Upstream Solutions to Downstream Pollution. NRDC and coast Alliance. December 1993. 127 pp. This resource is a citizens’ guide to protecting seacoasts and the great lakes by cleaning up polluted runoff. It is a document intended to educate, motivate, and support citizens in their efforts to work together and cut down the amount of polluted runoff in and around our Nation’s natural water resources. This guide suggests that good place for citizens to start is to participate in their state’s coastal nonpoint program. This document includes outlines for the problem of polluted runoff, the coastal nonpoint program, management measures and practices, and public participation. This resource also has lists for state agency and EPA contacts, as well a listing of states and territories with approved coastal zone management programs. The guide acknowledges that each person who is a source of pollution can also be a source of the solution. Current, The Journal For Marine Education, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1995. 32 pp. This issue of Current is dedicated to the diversity of life in the oceans. The issue brings to the members of the National Marine Education Association a definition of biological diversity and compares and contrasts marine and terrestrial ecosystems. In addition to these issues, this resource provides a broad outlook of the human threats to marine diversity, outlines present management measures for sustaining marine biodiversity, and presents information and tools that can be incorporated into educational programs. There are seven articles in this issue, ones like "The Effects of Overfishing on Biodiversity" and "Threats to Coastal Diversity: Wetland Habitat Destruction" are certainly helpful and quite resourceful, but perhaps the most significant article to the Gulf of Maine program is the one titled "Making Connections: Global Lessons from the Gulf of Maine." The Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program (CCSP) was developed in 1925 under the Canadian Fish Inspection Act as a measure directed at the outbreak of typhoid fever which resulted from the consumption of contaminated oysters. As a result of this act, a formal agreement was entered into between the governments of Canada and the United States on April 30, 1948 dealing with sanitary practices prevailing in the shellfish industries of both countries. This practice includes the requirement for the continuing evaluation of the level of contamination in the water overlaying shellfish growing areas and their classification as to sanitary quality. This resource is an inventory intended to provide a summary of the classification status of growing area waters in the four Atlantic Provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland) for the year 1991. This document also provides a review of the total area under surveillance by the program and a measure of trends in the classification from year to year. This resource, the 1994 addition of Coastlinks, provides a guide to Maine’s Coastal organizations, helping to discover and understand their goals, projects, and resources. Most of the entries of this resource have complete information on the organization’s goals, projects or programs, available resources, mailing and e-mail addresses, telephone and fax numbers, and, when available, Internet websites. The organizations are grouped under the following headings: aquaria, maritime museums/societies, educational and research organizations, environmental organizations, marine trade organizations, parks and sanctuaries, state agencies, cooperative extension offices, planning/municipal assistance, and miscellaneous. There are also many appendices with pertinent listings such as state parks along the coast and boat launching sites on saltwater and tidal rivers. The Bay of Fundy is an important component of the major functional coastal unit known as the Bay of Fundy-Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank System. It is renowned for its unique oceanography, abundant marine resources, diverse wildlife (especially seabirds and whales), fascinating history and outstanding natural beauty. The Bay’s dynamic environment is continually changing, both naturally and as a result of human activity. The Fundy Marine Ecosystem Science Project (FMESP) was developed in 1995 to address concerns arising from these changes. This document is a overview of this project and also a presentation of the proceedings from a workshop which was initiated by it. In addition to this overview of FMESP, there are also sections to describe in great depth the diversity within this ecosystem. The following sections are included after the original overview: the physical environment of the Bay of Fundy, the chemical environment of the Bay of Fundy, the biological environment of the Bay of Fundy, marine resources of the Bay of Fundy, and Bay of Fundy ecosystem issues. Casco Bay Plan, Draft, Fall 1995. Casco Bay Estuary Project. 1995. 227 pp. This document represents an outstanding collaborative effort among hundreds of citizens, local, state and federal government representatives, business leaders, scientists and non-profit organization participants to develop a plan which reflects strong interest in protecting the environmental health of Casco Bay balanced with the needs of the citizens who use it. It was prepared to generate actions and strategies to protect the health of Casco Bay, which is an important economic and environmental resource. This document was published under the efforts of the Casco Bay Estuary Project, and is a product of numerous discussions, workshops, seminars, and meetings. This resource introduces issues such as stormwater, clam flats and swimming areas, habitat protection, and toxic pollution in Casco Bay and then hopes to encourage on-going analysis of these areas by talking about developing new solutions, measuring progress, implementing and financing these plans, and also coordinating with federal programs. These plans are all aimed at bettering the health of Casco Bay and its watershed. This document serves as the resource for a forum which took place at the New England Aquarium in January of 1996. It provides articles and information about fisheries management, vessel buyout, aquaculture, fisheries co-management, by-catch, and habitat alteration. An example of one such resource is the ‘CRS Report for Congress: Overcapitalization in the U.S. Commercial Fishing Industry.’ This report provides background information describing the current situation (as of 1996) faced by fishery managers and policymakers. As such, this report provides a basic framework for considering possible amendments to the Marine Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MFCMA) of 1976 and other legislation that could affect the health of the industry and the welfare of marine resources. This particular article is one of many which are included in this resource. Since Congressional designation of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in 1990, a close partnership between the federal government and the State of Florida has characterized sanctuary planning and development of the management plan. The management plan and inter-agency Memoranda of Agreements clearly partition governmental functions, such as permitting, enforcement, and research and education, between federal and state agencies. The coordination between federal, state, and local institutions is a product of many factors, including an explicit legislative mandate, inclusion of both federal and state waters in the sanctuary, two decades of successful federal/state partnerships in two small national marine sanctuaries in the Florida Keys, the State of Florida’s long-time interest in management of Florida’s marine resources, and the clear acceptance of principles of ecosystem management. This resource documents this agreement and discusses in great depth its background information, procedures, and future plans. Scientists have identified from 360 to 400 separate species of living sharks. These species exhibit extreme diversity in form and the habitats they occupy. They range in size from the gigantic whale shark, which can grow to 12 or even 15 meters in length, to the tiny pygmy, which are full grown at 25 centimeters. This is just a sample of the kind of information given about sharks and the industry surrounding them in this document. The main purpose of this resource is a guide to the management of shark fisheries. Two challenges to managing sharks are presented: (1) the misuse of fishery models based on telecost population dynamics, and (2) the migratory and transboundary nature of many shark species, requiring international collaboration for both research on stocks and the development and implementation of fishery management. Techniques used to manage fisheries, catch-quotas, entry and gear limits, monetary measures, finning and size restrictions, harvesting only males, and international legal instruments and principles governing the management of shark fisheries are also among the topic discussed in this resource. Action Plan: 1996-2001. The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. 1996. PDF. Available!! The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment, in collaboration with public and private entities around the Gulf of Maine, has charted a course for the protection and conservation of coastal marine habitats in the Gulf of Maine. This Action Plan is a sequel. The first Gulf of Maine Action Plan, adopted by the Council in 1991, defined priorities, objectives, and a timetable for cooperative work by member jurisdictions ten years into the future. Major objectives for the years 1996-2001 focus on coastal and marine habitats, and the five major goals are: (1) protect and restore regionally significant coastal habitats, (2) restore shellfish habitats, (3) protect human health and ecosystem integrity from toxic contaminants in marine habitats, (4) reduce marine debris, and (5) protect and restore fishery habitats and resources. This resource is arranged by these major habitat goals, and follows a sequence beginning with a description of each major goal, its relative importance to the Gulf ecosystem, and then a list of the measurable objectives that have been selected in order to achieve the goal. The Green Book: New England Environmental Resource Directory. 1993-94. 316 pp. Ever since the first Earth Day and the establishment of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New England has been a world leader in the development of solutions to environmental problems. The Green Book continues in that tradition by providing the most up-to-date, single source of regional environmental products and services. This directory allows you quick and easy access to time-critical, hard-to-locate regional data, manufactures/distributors, environmental services, important federal, state, and local government offices and officials, environmental organizations, publications, and on-line services. This directory was complete and accurate as of the year 1993-1994. Both products and services are arranged alphabetically by large categories, and government agencies are listed in a section after services. References include listings of national organizations, regional organizations, publications, colleges & universities, and on-line services. 1997 Official EnviroExpo New England Guide. April 29, 30, May 1, Boston, MA. From April 29th to May 1st, 1997 the 9th annual premier international environmental conference & exposition, EnviroExpo, was held at the World Trade Center in Boston, Massachusetts. This resource served as a guide to the proceedings which transpired during that conference. It includes everything from session descriptions to general information such as floor plans and shuttle bus times. This resource starts with welcome letters from dignitaries such as Boston’s mayor Thomas Menino and US senator John F. Kerry, and ends with the large listing of all exhibitors and products & services involved with the 1997 EnviroExpo. 1997-1998 Gulf of Maine Council Work Plan. 65 pp. This resource documents, among other things, the progress made on the Gulf of Maine Action Plan 1996-2001 for the year 1997-1998. It includes a financial summary of 1997-1998 work plan elements and detailed evaluations of each of plan’s strategies, along with analysis on projects not identified in the action plan, public outreach, and program support and management. In the strategies derived from the 1996-2001 Gulf of Maine Action Plan, each priority goal is broken down into the objectives and tasks which fall under their execution. Some of the other projects summarized include the regional protection strategy for the Northern Right Whale, the Gulf of Maine Coastway program, the Council home page and EDIMS, the Gulf of Maine Times, and the Gulf of Maine Council Business Advisory Committee. Overall, 1997-1998 was a successful year for the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment and future projects were looking just as good. This guide provides information on funding programs available for environmental projects in the Atlantic Region (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island). It is aimed at non-profit, non-governmental organizations, although it does include information on some programs that will fund individuals and municipalities. A brief, one-page description is provided for each program. The information provided in this resource is not comprehensive, but is only intended to give a general idea of what each program is about. The programs in this guide are listed in alphabetical order, and you can search for funding using the two indexes provided, by program sponsor, and by ‘who can apply’. This guide was made possible through funding by Environment Canada. All information provided in this resource was accurate as of September, 1995. This report is an overview of the first five years of the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment’s work, beginning with the first Sustaining Our Common Heritage conference in 1989. Mid-way through the Council’s original ten-year plan, this activity report describes the major results of their unique, transboundary role of creating a precedent for developing a bioregional policy perspective and for taking action to address the protection and sustainable use of ecosystems that cross political boundaries. After introducing in summary the agreement and action plan of the Council, this document proceeds to update the actions and results done under the following titles: monitoring and research, coastal and marine pollution and protection of public health, habitat protection, creating connections, synergy, and the habitat focus and beyond. One of the main conclusions from this progress report is that the Council is working on their Action Plan 1996-2001 with a change in its major focus to coastal and marine habitats. Pursuant to the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment’s goals elaborated in their Action Plan: 1996-2001, the U.S. Association submitted this Work Plan for the 1997 Project Year. An overall budget for the Project Year is presented first. This budget summarizes funds and match dollars dedicated to each project and gives a project year total. An overview of individual project goals, tasks, organizational structure and a detailed budget are then presented in the Work Elements section. Work Elements comprise the various projects the Council is undertaking in Project Year 1997. Work Elements include public education & participation, Gulf-wide analysis of conservation holdings, analysis of marine protected areas, mercury deposition to the Gulf of Maine, the business advisory group, action plan printing, and a continued Gulfwatch monitoring program. Project Year 1998 Work Plan. The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. July, 1997. 36 pp. Pursuant to the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment’s goals elaborated in their Action Plan: 1996-2001, the U.S. Association submitted this Work Plan for the 1998 Project Year. An overall budget for the Project Year is presented first. This budget summarizes funds and match dollars dedicated to each project and gives a project year total. An overview of individual project goals, tasks, organizational structure and a detailed budget are then presented in the Work Elements section. Work Elements comprise the various projects the Council is undertaking in Project Year 1998. Work Elements include volunteer monitoring, promoting the interaction of science and management, the Gulf of Maine Times, increasing habitat protection through marine protected areas, the protection strategy for the Northern Right Whale, and the business advisory committee. The Gulf of Maine Action Plan: 1991-2000 was intended as an attempt by the states of Maine, New Hampshire and Massachusetts, along with the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, to rethink their management of the Gulf and to define shared goals to strive toward over these ten years. The creation of this Action Plan required that the states and provinces recognize their common interests in the Gulf of Maine. The purpose of the Action Plan is best summed up in its mission statement: "to maintain and enhance environmental quality in the Gulf of Maine and to allow for sustainable resource use by existing and future generations." This resource documents how this plan came into being and lays out a rough outline for how its priorities and goals would be attacked from 1991-2000. This Action Plan sets its goals in the following areas: monitoring and research, coastal and marine pollution, protection of public health, habitat protection, and educational and participation. This resource provides detailed descriptions and information for each of these areas. Conservation Lands in the Gulf of Maine. Mary Hayes. September 1997. 6 pp. The Gulf of Maine Council’s 1996-2001 Action Plan established an ambitious goal of increasing the acreage of regionally significant coastal habitats that are protected by public and private organizations and landowners by 10%. As a first step, the Council funded a project to compile and analyze the status of current conservation holdings throughout the Gulf of Maine region. This resource provides the conservation land maps of the Gulf of Maine region by providing maps for Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Canada. In this document, there is also analysis of these maps which show that all jurisdictions in the Gulf of Maine collect and display electronic information on conservation holdings and public lands within their borders. From this report came four recommended next steps for the Council: create a centralized database for conservation, conduct a full-scale analysis of conservation holdings, establish a baseline for conservation holdings, and develop a strategy to increase conservation holdings. Marine Debris Project Highlights. Gulf of Maine Council on the Environment. May 1997. 4 pp. One of the major goals included in the Gulf of Maine Council’s 1996-2001 Action Plan was to significantly reduce the incidence of marine debris in the Gulf of Maine. Working together with concerned citizens, community groups, and government organizations, the Council is hoping to achieve this goal through proper education, prevention, and cleanup. This resource presents descriptions of those programs which highlight the successful projects carried out in 1996 towards this cause of reducing marine debris. Also included in this document is the Council’s workplan for addressing the marine debris issue in 1997. These highlights were published in May of 1997 by the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. Gulfwatch is a monitoring program for toxic contaminants in the Gulf of Maine. Because little was known on a regional basis about toxic contaminants in the Gulf of Maine when Gulfwatch was initiated, the program began with an initial step towards developing a better understanding about toxic contaminants and environmental quality in the Gulf of Maine region. This report summarizes the goals, organization, results, and uses of the first five years (1991-1995) of Gulfwatch and discusses future directions. Gulfwatch was designed to be a first-step action with a limited set of specific objectives for implementing the Gulf of Maine Council Monitoring Plan created by their Council’s 1991-2000 Action Plan. This document includes a retrospective survey of the Gulfwatch program, a technical review of the results, peer reviews, discussion, and recommendations. In their Action Plan, the Gulf of Maine Council outlined the need to identify "regionally significant habitats" in the Gulf of Maine for protection, restoration, and enhancement. A habitat panel, formed by the Council, agreed that such habitats could be identified as those areas of greatest importance to highly regarded species. After a survey was conducted to develop and rank a list of "priority species" based upon a variety of social and ecological criteria, two pilot projects were carried out to demonstrate approaches to delineating regionally significant habitats; one each in Great Bay and Passamaquoddy Bay. This resource documents the analysis developed from the project in the Quoddy Region. Initial analysis for this region, using methodologies described for all species and developing a single composite map, was not sensitive enough to indicate differences between "critical" as opposed to "important" habitat areas for most species. This evolved the project into splitting the 27 selected species into two groups, ‘open-water’ species and ‘coastal’ species, and this resource then proceeds to evaluate each group separately for its importance. The Gulf of Maine symposium, convened in November 1994, was the second in the series. Participants included individuals from state and federal agencies, environmental groups, universities, and industry, several of whom were Canadians. Participants focused on three issues of importance in the Gulf of Maine region: responding to the cumulative impacts of land and water activities in the region’s estuaries and near-coastal environments, protecting regionally significant terrestrial and marine habitats, and using indicators of environmental quality as a tool to maintain the health of the Gulf of Maine. This document presents the discussions and work done on these three main issues during the symposium. The resource begins with the stage-setting papers for each issue, and then proceeds to discuss each one by providing a issue paper on the topic, and also specific papers on the issue concerning the following: environmental science considerations, social science considerations, and policy development considerations. A summary is included for each main issue. Massachusetts. United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts: Northern Whale Case. This resource documents a complaint and request for declarative and injunctive relief, held in District Court of Massachusetts. The document presents an action taken on behalf of five federally listed endangered species of great whales; the Northern Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis); the Humpback whale (Megaptera novaenagliae); the Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus); the Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis); and the Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus); one species of whale proposed for listing as threatened, the Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena); and the non-endangered Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) that live and inhabit marine waters along the coastline of the United States, and in waters under its jurisdiction. The complaint was brought up against the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries by a Conservation Research Group from Boston College. This resource lists the 94 claims raised against the Marine Fisheries Division. Also included are the motion for the consolidation of the preliminary injunction hearing with trail on the merits, the motion for leave to amend complaint, and the application for a temporary restraining order and motion for a preliminary injunction. The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment established in 1989 by agreement among the governors and premiers of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia was composed of three appointed representatives (two governmental and one non-governmental) from each of these five jurisdictions. Council members were drawn from the state and provincial Environmental Marine Resource, Fisheries, and Coastal Zone agencies. However, the Council itself was not a regulatory body; it was a forum for activity by its members on issues relating to the Gulf of Maine environment. As such, it relied on establishing relationships among the many public and private players in the Gulf region whose activities affect, negatively or positively, the well-being of the Gulf. Working cooperatively to define a long-range vision for the Gulf, and the practical means to accomplish that vision, the Council encouraged member agencies, fellow agencies, as well as private organizations, to combine their individual efforts where possible. Though small in size, the Council represented more than the sum of its parts. This resource details some of the events (1989-1992) that reflected the Council's synergistic approach. This resource summarizes seventeen highlights from that year. Fiscal Year 1995 Annual Workplan for the Casco Bay Estuary Project. 1995. 29 pp. This resource is the annual workplan for the fifth year of the Casco Bay Estuary Project (CBEP) - fiscal year 1995 (FY95). 1995 represented the final year of the plan development phase of the CBEP. This workplan was based on completing a final plan for submittal to the Governor of Maine and to EPA by January, 1996. A detailed explanation of the schedule to complete the project is provided in Section II. This workplan was based on the preliminary Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (pCCMP) approved by the Management Committee in October, 1992. The final year of the project was devoted to finalizing the plan and closing information gaps. Specific projects included: raising public awareness about the recommendations contained in the plan; filling information gaps; writing and production of the plan, producing a Casco Bay atlas; and ensuring proper data management. The work in this resource workplan continued to focus on the priority issues identified in the pCCMP. Each of the projects in this workplan related to one of the five priority issues identified in the pCCMP or to the actual development of the plan. Casco Bay Financial Report for 3rd Quarter - Fiscal Year 1995. November 1995. This resource provides all of the financial information about the Casco Bay Estuary Project (CBEP) for its fifth year, 1995. 1995 represented the final year of the plan development phase of the CBEP. In this document, there is a complete contact list of all people associated with CBEP programs, updated spreadsheets for all fiscal matters, and a expenditure & match list for the 3rd quarter. There is also a listing of all employee changes within the Casco Bay Estuary Project. Draft for the Canadian Portion of the Gulf of Maine Shellfish Registry. This resource is the initial draft of the Canadian portion of the Gulf of Maine Shellfish Registry which Dorothy Beonard from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association put together with the U.S. Portion to produce a final Gulf-wide report. It includes inshore shellfish growing waters analysis and listings for classified shellfish growing waters from 1990-1994 in both Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. This resource also provides listings for the pollution sources affecting shellfish harvesting waters, descriptions of aquaculture activities, and landings for both Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The resource concludes with a section for the reclamation and enhancement efforts in New Brunswick. This document is a draft, it is not complete, in fact, the section for the reclamation and enhancement efforts in Nova Scotia is left blank. The East Coast of North America Strategic Assessment Project (ECNASAP) is a collaboration among several Canadian agencies and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA’s) Strategic Environmental Assessments Division from the United States. This document summarizes the plans and ongoing activities for the ECNASAP Pilot Project. The purpose of the Pilot was to demonstrate the value of strategic environmental assessment by generating useful products for an international study area, extending from Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada, to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA. This resource documents this pilot project, which consists of inshore and offshore case studies, and was completed in late 1995 to early 1996. This document was published before the completion of the pilot project. The project involved jointly developed information and assessment capabilities, but did not involve joint management. Gulf of Maine Point Source Inventory: A Summary by Watershed for 1991. December 1994. This document presents the results of the first phase of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) Gulf of Maine Project, completed in December 1994. The information contained within the database and this report reflect the comments and additional data provided by the reviewers during the summer of 1994. This report summarizes the information contained in the Gulf of Maine Point Source Inventory. The inventory includes structural data and pollutant discharge estimates for 273 major and 1,751 minor direct discharging point source facilities located in the U.S. and Canadian watersheds draining to the Gulf of Maine. Also in this resource, estimates of annual and seasonal discharges are made for 15 pollutants for a base year of 1991, using combination of monitoring data, permit limits, and typical engineering values. This document provides resource managers with valuable insights as to which facilities are important contributors of pollutant discharges to the coastal waters of the Gulf. Ray, Gary L. The Environmental Effects of Dredging. US Army Corps of Engineers. July 1997. 6 pp. This resource is a bulletin with one article: "Ecological evaluation of mud flat habitats on the coast of Maine constructed of dredged material." This bulletin was published in accordance with AR 25-30 as an information dissemination function of the Environmental Laboratory of the Waterways Experiment Station. The publication is part of the technology transfer mission of the Dredging Operations Technical Support (DOTS) Program managed by the Environmental Effects of Dredging Programs. Results from ongoing research programs were presented. Special emphasis was placed on articles relating to application of research results or technology to specific project needs. Contributions of pertinent information were solicited from all sources and were considered for publication. The Coastal America initiative established a partnership for action among the four Federal agencies having primary responsibility for the management, regulation, and stewardship of coastal living resources: the Department of the Army, the Department of the Interior, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The main purpose of the Coastal America initiative is to protect, preserve, and restore the Nations coastal ecosystem - through existing Federal capabilities and authorities and to facilitate collaboration and cooperation in the stewardship of coastal living resources by working in partnership with other Federal programs and integrating Federal actions with state, local, and non-governmental efforts. On an annual basis the Coastal America office submits a progress report to the Principals which identifies management action undertaken and evaluates the effectiveness of program activities. This resource is the report for the year 1992. This document’s main section analyzes the program according to its regional objectives. The Coastal America initiative established a partnership for action among the four Federal agencies having primary responsibility for the management, regulation, and stewardship of coastal living resources: the Department of the Army, the Department of the Interior, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The main purpose of the Coastal America initiative is to protect, preserve, and restore the Nations coastal ecosystem - through existing Federal capabilities and authorities and to facilitate collaboration and cooperation in the stewardship of coastal living resources by working in partnership with other Federal programs and integrating Federal actions with state, local, and non-governmental efforts. On an annual basis the Coastal America office submits a progress report to the Principals which identifies management action undertaken and evaluates the effectiveness of program activities. This resource is the report for the year 1994. This document’s main sections are strengthening regional partnerships, and building on success. This book provides both graphic artists and their clients with a current compilation of pricing methods, ranges and professional business practices applied throughout the industry. The growing complexity of uses, fee arrangements and business and financial considerations makes information of this type essential for all participants in the field. This resource addresses the major components in the graphic arts industry: Professional Issues and Practices, Pricing and Trade Customs, Standard Contracts and Business Management. The Graphic Arts Guide is dedicated to raising and maintaining ethnical standards throughout the communications industry. Sometimes, abuses of industry standards stem from ignorance of established criteria, but many stem from attempts to take advantage of the unwary, the inexperienced and the unorganized. It is this resource’s aim to change these conditions. The Corps of Engineers was formed some 218 years ago to be responsive to the needs of a young nation. And while the nature of their work has changed with time, their basic purpose remains - to be responsive to America’s needs. These three booklets present brief descriptions of water resources projects completed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire as of 1993. Each booklet describes the role of the Corps in planning and building water resource improvements and explains the procedure leading to the authorization of such projects. The material in these resources are arranged according to the type of project, i.e. flood damage reduction, navigation, or shore and bank protection. These documents also present the work of the Corps according to to the community in which they were executed, and provide two maps, one showing the location of all Corps projects in the state, and the other delineating Corps’ projects on the coastlines of Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, respectively. Each state is considered completely individual for its own booklet. Habitat Restoration Initiatives in Coastal Massachusetts-Cape Cod. Coastal America. The Northeast Regional Implementation Team (NERIT)of the National Coastal America program was asked to investigate the potential for habitat restoration projects throughout Cape Cod, MA as part of their Northeast Coastal Strategy. The New England Division of the Corps of Engineers responded with two of their own programs designed to provide assistance to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in conjunction with the Coastal America partnership. These two projects were (1) the regional evaluation of Cape Cod’s degraded saltmarshes, and (2) saltmarsh restoration in Sagmore, MA. This resource documents these two projects by providing the pictures and analysis which resulted from each projects’ execution. This document also has many important appendices such as the Cape Cod wetlands investigation in cooperation with the Coastal America initiative, the 1995 status report of the Coastal America Northeast Regional Implementation Team, and general background information about the Coastal America program. Local, state, and national economies supported by the coasts depend on clean water and healthy habitat. There is no getting around it. People travel to the beach to go in the water, and increasingly health-conscious consumers want fish on their tables. Whether it’s from fisheries, tourism, boating, or other activities, the coasts are the engines that drive many state economies. This report tells the horror stories of families and towns put out of business by coastal pollution and introduces the smart businesspeople who figured out that protecting coastal resources increases profits. This resource presents a state-by-state breakdown of the economic values of healthy coastal resources. The complete report includes all states in the nation which have any connection to the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean or Great Lakes, but for Gulf of Maine purposes this document only includes the analysis from the Mid & North Atlantic states, with particular attention paid to New England States bordering the Gulf. This resource presents the listed and plotted data from commercially and recreationally important species caught during the Northeast Fisheries Science Center’s 1995 autumn bottom trawl survey. The tows made were with a #36 otter trawl from the research vessel ALBATROSS IV out of Woods Hole, MA. The trawl had an 80-foot roller rigged footrope, 5-fathom legs and 1,000 pound polyvalent doors. Because of the 30-minute tow duration, and random selection of station locations, catches can be light compared to commercial tows. Also, vessel operations are on a 24-hour basis and catches have not been adjusted for day/night catchability differences for some species. Nevertheless, these data can provide fishermen with useful information about distribution and the relative abundance of fish over the entire survey area from Cape Hatteras to the Gulf of Maine. Catch data from 23 special tows made in the Georges Bank are also included in this report. This document is composed of the station maps, station information, and species locality breakdown that result from this trawl survey. The Volunteer Monitor, Vol. 7, No. 1, Spring 1995. 24 pp. The Volunteer Monitor newsletter facilitates the exchange of ideas, monitoring methods, and practical advice among volunteer environmental monitoring groups across the nation. This issue was published by the New Hampshire Lakes Lay Monitoring Program, a collaborative effort between the University of New Hampshire and lake and watershed associations across the state. This particular issue is titled ‘Managing and Presenting your Data’. It talks about all the things you need to do after your monitoring information is collected, such as how you get those numbers into a format that makes sense to yourself and others, and how you turn your data into a story. The steps are summarized in the following schematic: data, entry & validation, preliminary summary, interpretation (findings, conclusion, and recommendations), presentation to different audiences, and use. These sections are discussed in detail in the articles throughout the issue, such as "Designing a Data Management System" and "Using Graphs to tell a Story". Winter 1994/1995 Issue - Announcements: The Manager Speaks-Add Two More, Clams! Some Flats Reopen in Hampton Harbor, and Visionary Awards. Features: Program Tackles Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, COASTWEEKS '94, and Volunteers Work on Restoration of Sandy Point Marsh. Community involvement: A Watershed Approach to Marine Debris, NH Coastal Program Hosts Gulf of Maine Secretariat for the Year, Environmental Management Workshops, DES Workshops, Seabrook Septics are Under the Microscope, and Odiorne Hosts Mini Series onthe Gulf of Maine. Salty shorts: Fall and Winter Coastal Migratory Visitors Puzzle. Spring 1995 Issue - In this issue: Manager's Corner, and Five Years of Great Bay Watch. Features: Under the Boardwalk, Coastal Cleanup Results, and Non-Point Efforts in Coastal Watersheds. Community involvement: Island Ethics, Think Global & Act Local, Sandy Point March Restoration Continues, and Aquaculture Forum. Salty Shorts: Non-Point Pollution Quiz, and Mailing List Update. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) to document the type and quality of data needed for environmental decisions and to provide a blueprint for collecting and assessing those data from environmental programs. The development, review, approval, and implementation of the QAPP is an essential part of the mandatory Agency-wide Quality System. This document is a draft, it provides the QAPP requirements in an external publication primarily for organizations that conduct environmental data operations on behalf of EPA through contracts, financial assistance agreements, and inter-agency agreements; however, it may be used by EPA as well for specific plan requirements. This document presents the specifications and instructions for the information that must be contained in a QAPP for environmental data operations performed by or for the EPA. The main purpose of this resource is to provide the procedures of QAPP for review and approval. Mercury Meeting Summary. 1996 Gulf of Maine Science Symposium. September 20, 1996. pp. 25 In follow-up to a previous mercury meeting held in Kennebunkport, Maine, a second meeting was organized in St. Andrews, New Brunswick on September 20, 1996 in conjunction with the Gulf of Maine Science Symposium. The purpose of the St. Andrews meeting was to share information on mercury science in this region; to form better linkages between air, marine, and terrestrial disciplines in the future study of mercury pollution; to build partnerships between various agencies and individual researchers and to develop recommendations for future action. This documents presents the objectives & background information, recommendations, mercury presentations, and list of registered participants from this meeting. The recommendations are organized by category, such as policy & decision making, and risk assessment. A Mercury Resolution was signed by Governors and Premiers of the Northeast States and Eastern Canadian Provinces in June of 1997. The Resolution called for cooperation amongst northeast States and eastern Canadian Provinces in addressing the mercury issue. The Northeast States and Eastern Canadian Provinces Mercury Study Report was released at a Mercury Workshop held in Portland, Maine in February, 1998. The report was compiled as a resource tool for developing a Regional Mercury Action Plan. It includes an emissions inventory, a mercury emissions analysis for the Atlantic Provinces (combustion sources, manufacturing sources, area sources, and products), a summary of Atlantic Canada’s emissions, a monitoring section, a human health section, and section devoted to the study’s conclusions and recommendations. Appendices include the mercury resolution, the mercury the action plan, and chronology of cooperative Hg events in Canada 1994-1998. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being considered important tools for promoting the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources. MPAs have become widely accepted as places to protect, study, and wisely utilize important parts of the marine realm. Today, they offer innovative solutions to some of the most pressing environmental problems and have become flagships of marine conservation programs in many parts of the world. Marine protected areas had been identified as an important tool for addressing many of the ecological and socioeconomic problems contributing to the decline of the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. This resource documents the evaluation of marine protected areas in the Gulf, in the following sections: an evaluation of legal and institutional mechanisms for establishing MPAs in the Gulf of Maine; evaluating the role of site selection criteria for MPAs in the Gulf of Maine; and an evaluation of the establishment processes for MPAs in the Gulf of Maine: understanding the role of community involvement and public participation. An important section also included in this resource is the final conclusions and recommendations produced from this study. Cornelisen, Chris. Habitat and Species Restoration in the Gulf of Maine. Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management. September 1997. 40 pp. PDF. Available!! Habitat restoration is increasingly employed to compensate for ecological deficits. Also numerous, are efforts involving the restoration of ecologically and commercially important species, including anadromous fish, seabirds, and waterfowl. This resource documents a project that was originally initiated in an effort to evaluate the effectiveness of habitat and species restoration throughout the Gulf of Maine, including Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. While investigating this task, an even more pressing need was identified, which was the need to collect and provide information on habitat and species restoration projects. The report presents information collected during the first year of a two year project that began on October 1, 1996. This document is designed to provide a Gulf-wide perspective on habitat and species restoration and to stimulate ideas for future efforts related to the project. Included in the report is information on the restoration of coastal habitats and species. Information gaps and needs are identified, as are potential products and deliverables that can stem from this project. The Gulf of Maine Council is a multi-jurisdictional body that was formed when the governments of Maine, Massachusetts, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, and Nova Scotia made a commitment to the management and protection of the Gulf of Maine (GOM) Watershed. Through a collective agreement, these governments provide funding to the Council which then allocates a portion of the monies to a number of non profit organizations for projects in the GOM watershed. The partnerships created between the GOM Council and community groups within the watershed are key to the successful protection of GOM resources. This resource provides all the necessary information needed to to apply for GOM Council grants. It documents whose eligible, what resources are available, contact information, and how to complete a proposal. It also provides tips for writing the cover letter and writing the proposal along with giving the evaluation criteria on which it will be reviewed. Everything you need to know about Gulf of Maine Council grants and how to get them is in this resource. The Future of Scallop Enhancement, Conference Report. Bryan Patterson, Gregory Thompson. May 1998. 14 pp. PDF. Available!! The Fundy North Fishermen’s Association sponsored a one day conference on the future of scallop enhancement to address the Gulf of Maine Council’s habitat priority goal: Restoration of Shellfish Habitat. The conference brought together members of Government, Industry, Science and Conservation groups. Speakers from each group presented papers discussing their priorities and concerns. Following the paper presentations, facilitators provided a workshop environment to further develop stakeholder issues. The conference concluded with summations from each workshop group and a list of issues that require follow-up. This resource documents this conference by providing perspectives from research groups, fishermen, regulators, the New Brunswick government, and conservationists along with a summary of the discussions. There is also a list of all the presenters and a section for the fears and concerns that were concluded upon during the conference proceedings. The Nova Scotia Organic Growers Association (NSOGA) had been studying the use of fall catch crops for nutrient retention with support from the U.S. Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. The project involved both research and education. This resource is a final report, it describes the various components of this project, and the achievements and challenges associated with each component, as well as providing the end of contract project summaries from the study. The research components are catch crop comparison, on-farm trials, and reduction in nutrient leaching and erosion. The components for education include booklet & fact sheets, articles, information on the Internet and workshops. Three articles are also included in this document: "A Farmers Guide to Reducing Nutrient Loss with Catch Crops," "Nitrogen: Fixing & Keeping Nitrogen in the Soil," and "Mulching: No Time Weeding or Watering? Try Mulching. America’s coastal environments present the nation with a bounty of tangible and intangible benefits. Home to growing a percentage of the country’s population, the coasts provide a wealth of resources, serve as habitat to many marine species, and also attract vacationers. This resource is a tool for journalists and editors, and the result of an innovative effort of Coastal America. As a resource, this guidebook defines the marine and coastal environments, the resources themselves, and also the wide range of challenges that must be effectively addressed in managing them. It is intended to provide reporters with information that can aid them in more effectively pursuing answers on their own. This book is also intended to be a ‘one-stop read’ providing background information on coastal issues. Chapters include defining coastal and marine waters, the importance of a resource: facts at your fingertips, major coastal and marine resource issues, and key laws and associated programs. Papers from the Fifth Annual Symposium of the Ocean Governance Study Group, July 21-23, 1996. This resource serves to document the Ocean Governance Study Group’s Fifth Annual Symposium which was held from July 21st to the 23rd, 1996. The report lists the participants of the symposium, along with their complete contact information, and provides the papers from the presentations and plenary sessions presented at the workshop. This resource mainly does three things: (1) gives the tables from a presentation given by Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain titled ‘Cross-National Experiences with Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: Results from a Survey’, (2) outlines the proceedings of a panel discussion on teaching ocean law and management, and (3) provides an article titled ‘The UN Straddling Stocks Agreements: Some Issues in Implementation’ which was prepared for the symposium. 1997 Product Directory: Innovative Environmental & Casualty Changes. C&I. 1997. 100 pp. For over 17 years, Commerce & Industry Insurance Company (C&I) has been providing our insureds with the innovative environmental and casualty insurance products and services they need. This 1997 Product Directory is an introduction to the wide range of insurance products and services available from C&I. It was developed as a quick reference tool to aid in your discussions with C&I underwriters. To begin with, there is a road map to the local and regional C&I underwriting offices and phone numbers with corresponding geographical territories provided. There is also a section for engineering and supplementary services available through C&I, a section on C&I innovative environmental coverages, a section which describes C&I’s environmental surety capabilities, and a section which contains claims services information. The appendices feature a summary of available insurance products from C&I and an index of products and targeted businesses. The North Atlantic Pipeline. North Atlantic Pipeline Partners. This resource documents the proposal for the North Atlantic Pipeline, which promised to provide abundant natural gas supplies, competitive energy prices, new industries for Atlantic Canada, four times more natural gas for New England than the competition, and cleaner, healthier air. This resource serves to advertise this proposal pipeline by providing the necessary comparative graphs and background information to help this project gain supporters in the Gulf of Maine region. Each of the North Atlantic Pipeline’s five proposed objectives is illustrated, described, discussed for importance, and compared to current system in use. The proposed pipeline would go from New Hampshire all the way passed Newfoundland. The purpose of the Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) Program is to identify critical resources and ecosystems, and to work for their long-term preservation and stewardship. The only way that this program can be successful is through the collaborative efforts of individual residents, communities, non-profit groups and organizations, and regional and state agencies. This ACEC Program Guide describes how the program can work through these partnerships. This resource is designed to be used by people who live in and around critical areas, and for those who are directly involved with their stewardship. It also serves as an introduction and summary to those who want to learn more about the ACEC Program and the preservation and management of critical areas. Included in this resource are inland and coastal site summaries and maps, and the summary of effects of ACEC designation. This document includes a set of papers delivered at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Estuary-of-the-month seminar in May of 1989 that address a number of aspects concerning the Gulf of Maine. Although it is not possible to be comprehensive, these proceedings should provide an overview of the 1989 setting of the Gulf of Maine and convey a sense for the dramatic and rapid natural and human-induced changes that the Gulf had experienced and will continue to experience. Underlying each paper is the concept that the Gulf of Maine is a very productive and discrete ecosystem which makes it an ideal laboratory for the study of many physical, geological, ecological and even sociological processes important on local, regional and global scales. This resource includes the eight papers prepared for the conference along with the introductory comments of Congressman Joseph E. Brennan. The conference was sponsored by NOAA and the Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine (ARGO-Maine). This report, commissioned by the Maine State Planning Office, provides an overview of Canadian federal, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia laws regulating and protecting the coastal and marine resources of the Gulf of Maine region. The report briefly outlines the division of legislative jurisdiction between the federal and provincial governments. Then, the report summarizes federal efforts towards protection of the marine environment. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick's laws are outlined with three major issues addressed, namely development and planning, pollution control, and conservation, with a section generally comparing and contrasting provincial regulatory approaches. Finally, the report recommends strengthenings in provincial legal and administrative frameworks and emphasizes the need for greater interprovincial and federal provincial cooperation. Marine Research Associates Ltd., Lord's Cove, Deer Island, N.B. undertook a survey in 1977 of the marine resources of the New Brunswick coast of the Bay of Fundy. This inventory is one of a series of volumes giving their findings. It was hoped that this survey would eventually include the entire coast and would cover intertidal, shallow-water, clearwater, and pelagic organisms and that the information obtained would serve as the foundation for intelligent management and utilization of the marine resources of the Bay of Fundy. The purpose of this study, and this document, was to catalogue, as fully as possible, the shallow-water marine resources of the Bay of Fundy coast. The coast was divided into zones, each encompassing a specific geographical area of a size where field work could be completed during a reasonable period of time. Zone locations and extents are shown on the page of this resource. This document includes a listing of all the significant plant and animal species in the Bay of Fundy, along with sections devoted to ecological evaluation, oceanography, and water quality & pollution. From recognizing the potential for a new Maine business locked in the simple marine worm and working tirelessly to protect the lobster industry to finding ways to resolve Canadian/United States differences over the fish catch in the Gulf of Maine and bringing the lessons learned so dearly into Maine classrooms, marine studies at the University of Maine touch on every facet of the Gulf of Maine and its thousands of miles of coastline. This resource is the entire issue of Explorations: A Journal of Research at the University of Maine devoted completely to marine studies. Papers in this issue range from ‘Seismic Profiling: the Search for the Submerged Geological Record in the Gulf of Maine’ by Daniel Belknap and Joseph Kelley to ‘Free Trade, Not Trade War’ by James Wilson. There are eighteen papers presented in this document and one editorial reflection on the field of research. Gulf of Maine Action Plan, May 1990. Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment.11pp. This resource documents some of the first actions which the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment undertook: the establishment of Council responsibilities and a general Action Plan. "The Council on the Marine Environment would play a crucial role in the application of the Gulf Action Plan. As the fink between the many state, provincial and federal agencies involved in Gulf management, the Council would be able to facilitate ongoing or future efforts by the five jurisdictions to maintain and enhance the health of the Gulf. Council support would come in many forms: funding assistance, dissemination of scientific data,improved state, provincial and federal communications, or heightened public awareness. The Council goal with respect to the components of the Action Plan would be to develop interjurisdictional mechanisms for resolving environmental problems within the Gulf region." The Action Plan would have the following mission statement: to maintain and enhance environmental quality in the Gulf of Maine and to allow for sustainable resource use by existing and future generations. This draft is the first document to contain this mission statement, which remains to this day. The Gulf of Maine Program was initiated in 1989 by Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts to prevent degradation of the water body they border. The governors and premiers of the five jurisdictions, recognizing the unique and fragile character of the Gulf, signed the Agreement on the Conservation of the Marine Environment of the Gulf of Maine, creating a fifteen-member regional body called the Council on the Marine Environment to oversee the Gulf of Maine Program. This resource provides the Council’s proposed 1994 project summary list in an effort to request funding for the fiscal year from October 1993 to September 1994. The level of fiscal year 1994 funding requested was $3.01 million. This document outlines the funding needs in a step-by-step fashion for all its intended projects for the year During the warmer months of the year the eastern Gulf of Maine features a plume of cold water which extends from the tidally well-mixed area adjacent to Grand Marian Island at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy southwest along the Maine coast to well beyond Penobscot Bay. Near Grand Manan Island the plume waters are cold (ca 10°C), nearly vertically isothermal and carry high concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients. This resource documents the study that analyzed this plume and these nutrients, concluding to suggest that as much as 44% of the new nitrate which enters the Gulf of Maine at depth through the Northeast Channel upwells in the eastern Gulf becoming part of the plume. This feature appears to be very important to the nutrient budget and general biological oceanography of the inner Gulf of Maine. This document is the scientific research paper which produced these results; it was published under the Sea Grant Advisory Program. Larsen, Peter. Marine Environmental Quality in the Gulf of Maine: A Review. CRC Press. Inc.. 1992. Human population growth and industrial development in the coastal zone invariably place stress on estuaries and coastal oceans. This has resulted in the nearly universal decline in coastal environmental quality. This trend is expected to continue as an increasing percentage of the world's population concentrates near the coast. In 1970, one half of the U.S. population resided within 150m of the coast. By the year 2000, 75% of the population is expected to live within this same area, adding greatly to the potential for further degradation of coastal waters and marine resources. In this article, an attempt is made to summarize existing information on the environmental quality of the Gulf of Maine and to put it into perspective by making comparisons with other coastal regions. The nature of the data demands that comparisons be made, but it should be pointed out that the ranking of a water body relative to another is not necessarily what is important. This resource uses environmental threats such as trace metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, UCM hydrocarbons, marine transportation, and biological effects in its comparison efforts. Gulf of Maine Workshop, August 20-22, 1985. Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine. Over 140 people registered for the 3-day Gulf of Maine workshop which opened with four invited plenary session speakers on Tuesday, August 20, 1985. The contributed sessions consisted of talks and poster presentations which were presented during the workshop. The contributed talks were divided into the broad categories of Geology, Physical Oceanography, Water Column Research, Benthic Research, and Fisheries/General Research. The poster sessions were available for viewing throughout the workshop. The workshop concluded with a round-table panel discussion of the highlights of the meeting, impressions on where significant gaps in our knowledge exist, and the identification of future research needs. This resource documents this workshop by providing a complete list of the participants in the workshop, their addresses and institutional affiliations, as well as the titles and abstracts of the plenary session talks and the contributed oral and poster presentations. This document summarizes the contributed presentations and the panel discussion, and highlights some themes that developed during the meeting. Council of Maritime Premiers Annual Report 1991. 36 pp. (English and French) This document is the annual report of the year 1991 from the Council of Maritime Premiers, committed to achieving economic self-reliance for their provinces and improving the well-being and prosperity of their peoples. In 1991 the Council of Maritime Premiers celebrated the most remarkable year since its creation in 1971. Cooperation between the governments of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island was greater than ever before. It centered on the Maritime economy. Highlights include: program initiatives in 30 areas of public policy that are leading to real change; the release of two widely-read publications Challenge and Opportunity and Standing Up to the Future: the Maritimes in the 1990's (the McMillan Report); the first-ever meeting of the cabinets of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island; the expansion of Maritime-Newfoundland cooperation; and greater public visibility and serious discussion on Maritime cooperation than in any year since 1971. This resource documents these highlights by providing summaries of all Council actions for the year, listed the work done in conjunction with Council agencies, and the operating summaries such as financial highlights. Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment Annual Report 1992/1993. 2 pp. The Gulf of Maine extends from the northern reaches of the Bay of Fundy to the waters of Cape Cod Bay. Because of Georges Bank, where in some places water depth is less then twenty feet, the Gulf of Maine is nearly an enclosed sea. This resource documents the monthly highlights and reports from Gulf of Maine Council activities for year 1992/1993. Other information provided in this resource include: a letter from the Chairperson at the time, Trudy Coxe, the Gulf of Maine Program Budget for 1992-1993, a list naming all sources or support, and a listing of all Council members and program participants. In this document, the reports on Council activities include information updates on Gulfwatch, data management, coastal and marine pollution, habitat protection, education & participation, and program coordination & development. The year 1992/1993 was a successful growing year for the Council. Council of Maritime Premiers Annual Report 1988-89. 28 pp. (English and French) This resource is the seventeenth Annual Report of the Council of Maritime Premiers to the legislative assemblies and the citizens of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island for the year 1988-89. The Council of Maritime Premiers was established to promote unity of purpose, to ensure maximum coordination and to undertake joint initiatives among the Maritime provinces. The Council has accomplished many things under each of these general objectives, and is a symbol of cooperation among the people and governments of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. This report discusses the period from April 1, 1988 to March 31,1989. During this period, Council acted on new proposals for cooperation in diverse areas including the horse industry, transportation, an Acadian heritage tourism project, and soil and water conservation. This document includes a letter from the secretary, reports on the Council’s central activities, a report on the work of Council agencies, and an operating summary. An appendix lists the Council directory. Final Report of the Halifax Harbor Task Force. Robert O. Fournier 1990. 84 pp. Halifax and Dartmouth had been using Halifax Harbour as a repository for raw sewage for nearly 250 years. The first sewer pipes were installed in the 1850s. They discharged sewage and stormwater runoff directly into the Harbour at the closest convenient point. As of 1988, over 40 outfalls line the Halifax and Dartmouth waterfronts. A task force was established in1989 to develop strategies to deal with this issue. This document is the final report of the Halifax Harbour Task Force. It is a succinct summary of their often extensive discussions, which captures the complex nature of the problem which confronts any serious deliberations regarding the future of Halifax Harbour. Also included are the recommendations which represent the essence of the Task Force’s advice prepared for the Honorable John Leefe, Minister of Environment. Discussion sections include the harbour today, setting objectives, the regional sewage treatment system, and integrated harbour management. In 1991, one of the most significant accomplishments of the Council of Maritime Premiers was the release of this this widely read publication. In March of that year the Council committed itself to discussing with Maritimers the idea of Maritime economic integration. In this discussion paper, the Council puts forward a vision, guiding principles and strategic goals for a strong and integrated Maritime economy. These visions, principles, and goals define what economic integration could be, and this paper puts forth the initial list of opportunities produced from this integration. The sections of this document include: maritime economic integration, an overview; removing the barriers; working together; and agenda for the future. This resource and the Maritime Forum which followed were the first milestones in a long journey for the Council, which at the time was aimed at working together to meet the challenges of the 1990’s. Council of Maritime Premiers Annual Report 1989-90. 28 pp. (English and French) This resource is the eighteenth Annual Report of the Council of Maritime Premiers to the legislative assemblies and the citizens of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island for the year 1988-89. The Council of Maritime Premiers was established to promote unity of purpose, to ensure maximum coordination and to undertake joint initiatives among the Maritime provinces. The Council has accomplished many things under each of these general objectives, and is a symbol of cooperation among the people and governments of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. This resource provides an annual report for the Council’s 1989 to 1990 work year. Part of this report is a summary of the results produced from their study ‘Standing Up to the Future: the Maritimes in the 1990's.’ This report marked the twenty-year anniversary of the Council, and so included in the report is a general analysis of its first twenty years. Other information concerns selected Council highlights such as updates on economic development and energy matters, work done by Council agencies, and an operating summary. Standing Up to the Future The Maritimes in the 1990’s. Charles J. McMillian. December 1989. 46 pp. In 1991, one of the most significant accomplishments of the Council of Maritime Premiers was the release of this this widely read publication. This resource is the principal finding of a report commissioned by the Council. Maritime cooperation and coordination are a fact of life. Institutionally, the Council serves the provinces' need for interprovincial coordination; policy-wise, the Council provides important advice on a range of operational issues vital to the Maritimes. The Council has almost a twenty-year history of operation serving the Premiers, their respective governments and their populations with an abundance of timely and relevant policy, programs and information. This resource documents a study that addresses the problems, opportunities and new environment for the Council of Maritime Premiers in the context of the new environment facing the region over the next decade. This study strongly recommended an invigorated Council, one more focused on industrial development for the region based on leadership stemming directly from the Premiers and revitalized economic agenda. Council of Maritime Premiers Estimates 1990-91. 18 pp. (English and French) This resource is a estimates report of the Council of Maritime Premiers to the legislative assemblies and the citizens of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island for the year 1990-91. The Council of Maritime Premiers was established to promote unity of purpose, to ensure maximum coordination and to undertake joint initiatives among the Maritime provinces. The Council has accomplished many things under each of these general objectives, and is a symbol of cooperation among the people and governments of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. The purposes of this document are: (1) to consolidate provincial contributions which, when added to funds from various other sources, represent Council's total revenue; (2) to disclose the approved budgets for the agencies; (3) to provide information on grants to the post-secondary sector; and (4) to provide other information. This resource provides all the information necessary to fulfill these purposes. Federal Expenditures as a Tool for regional Development. Phil Hartling. September 1990. pp. 40 The Council of Maritime Premiers produced major reports on the distribution of federal spending in 1979 and in 1983. The purpose of this resource is to report on updates to that information. This information was provided by federal government line departments directly, by the Atlantic Provinces Economic Council (APEC) and by Statistics Canada. The majority of the information on departmental expenditures relates to fiscal year 1988-89. Therefore it does not take into account federal government budget decisions since that time. In 1989-90 the Canadian federal government spent about $ 100 billion on items other than debt servicing (program expenditures). Another purpose of this resource is to report on these program expenditures by province. This document presents the observations and conclusions from this study. It should be noted that the recommendations contained in this report do not necessarily reflect the position of the Council of Maritime Premiers. This report was one of five regional reports containing population estimates for July 1, 1988, and estimates of per capita income for calendar year 1987 for all general purpose governmental units in each State. The estimates were used by a wide variety of federal, state, and local government agencies for program planning and administrative purposes. The figures shown in the tables of this resource were for areas defined under the provisions of various Federal revenue distribution programs and may not have coincided with the areas previously covered in censuses before this one. Areas included in this series of reports are (1) counties, (2) incorporated places, and (3) active minor civil divisions (MCD's. The detailed tables show the July 1, 1988, population estimate and the April 1, 1980, census population for each area, along with the numerical and percent change between 1980 and 1988. In addition, they present the 1987 per capita money income estimates, together with the 1979 per capita money income and the percent change between these two figures. These estimates are presented by county for each state in the northeast region, with all incorporated places in each county listed in alphabetical order, followed by any functioning MCD's also listed in alphabetical order. To understand and manage the impact of stresses on the health of the Gulf of Maine ecosystem requires accurate understanding of the nature, scale, and impact of environmental perturbations in the Gulf. As a step toward generating the requisite information, the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment established a tightly focused and pragmatic environmental quality monitoring plan for the Gulf of Maine, presented in this resource. The monitoring plan was based on following mission statement provided by the Council: in support of the Council’s goals, it is the mission of the Gulf of Maine marine environmental quality Monitoring Program to provide environmental and resource managers with information to support sustainable use of the Gulf, and allow assessment and management of risk to public and environmental health from current and potential threats. This resource documents this plan by providing information on monitoring methods, monitoring guidelines, databases, transfers, the structure of the program, and the processes for implementation. The Canada Land Inventory (CLI) was a comprehensive survey of land capability and use designed to provide a basis for resource and land use planning. It included assessments of land capability for agriculture, forestry, recreation, wildlife, present land use, and pilot land use planning projects in each province of Canada. It was undertaken as a co-operative federal-provincial program and was administered under the Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development Act (ARDA) of June, 1961. The CLI was designed primarily for planning rather than for management. It was of a reconnaissance type, it provided information essential to land development planning at the municipal, provincial and federal levels of government. It did not provided the detailed information required for management of individual parcels of land, nor for land planning in small watersheds, local government units, etc. The CLI, which used a computer mapping technique, facilitated more detailed future studies as more detailed land capability information became available and as socio-economic factors changed. This resource documents the Canada Land Inventory, outlined by the objectives and organization mentioned here. The objectives of this resource were stated as follows: (1) to provide information on the coastal zone of Northeast Newfoundland which would facilitate the assessment of impacts on the shoreline that might result from oil spills, and to generate a data base that could be utilized in oil spill countermeasures planning, (2) to provide information on the coastal zone that could assist in determining suitability for onshore development in conjunction with offshore exploration and production, and to provide a data base against which the impacts of such development could be assessed, and (3) to test the applicability of the established principles of ecological land classification to these practical requirements. Through the application of an integrated ecological land survey, coastal zone parameters were mapped to satisfy these objectives. This resource documents the results in the presentation of the maps, pictures, and summaries which analyze wave energy, offshore features, foreshore and backshore characteristics, terrain, soil, vegetation, land use and selected cultural features. Arbour, J.H.. Land Resources of South East New Brunswick. Environmental Canada. 1980. 80 pp. This report is one of a series of papers which present various applications of the Canada Geographic Information System (CGIS) to land use problems across Canada. Their intent is to provide users with a description of the situations in which CGIS has proven useful, with the hope of stimulating further thought regarding the utility of such a system in land use analysis. The information contained in this report was compiled as background material for a Regional Development Plan. The region was the South East portion of New Brunswick. This comprised all of Kent County, the parishes of Rogersville and Hardwicke in Northumberland County, the parishes of Botsford, Dorchester, Sackville, Shediac and Westmorland in Westmorland County and the parishes of Harvey, Hillsborough and Hopewell in Albert County. The information was drawn from the Canada Land Data System of Environment Canada and presented as a series of tables and plots. The data was based on the Canada land inventory, describing the capabilities of the land in the region and the various land uses to be found there. Environmental Quality in the Atlantic Region 1985. P.B. Eaton, L.P. Hildebrand. 1986. 241 pp. This 1985 report on environmental quality in the Atlantic region describes aspects of the state of the environment in 1985, as well as certain trends that can be compared to those in a similar report published five years earlier. The Atlantic region of Canada, consisting of New Brunswick, Newfoundland/Labrador, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, had a population of 2,285,000 (9.1 percent of Canada) in 1985, most of which was located within a few miles of the 40,000 km coastline. A healthy natural environment was important because the regional economy would continue to revolve around the renewable resource industries of fishing, forestry, agriculture and tourism, all of which required a suitably high level of environmental quality to thrive. This environmental quality analysis of provided in this document is stated according to the following chapter listings: air quality, water quality, toxic chemicals, other environmental issues, human health & the environment, nature conservation, developments in environmental management, and trends in environmental research. This resource presents a study that examined habitat mitigation policies employed by the governments surrounding the Gulf of Maine. By looking at mitigation practices throughout the Gulf, resource managers could broaden their understanding of the challenges of coordinated ecosystem management. Likewise, interested citizens could gain an appreciation of existing laws and policies governing activities which affect crucial Gulf habitats. Lawmakers could benefit from such a study as well, as they strive to improve upon existing policies with the ultimate goal of sustaining the Gulf ecosystem for future generations. In the document’s first section, sensitive habitats are discussed in an attempt to specify exactly which environments are the most critical to the long-term productivity of the Gulf. Section 2 builds upon the discussion in section 1 by detailing existing federal and provincial/state habitat mitigation efforts in the Gulf of Maine. Finally, in the last section, recommendations are presented for future habitat mitigation efforts in the Gulf of Maine. Habitat Journal of the Maine Audubon Society. Vol3/No.7. August 1986. 37 pp. This resource documents an issue of a Maine journal completely devoted to knowledge about the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. This issue of Habitat: Journal of the Maine Audubon Society from August 1986 includes the following articles: "The Missing Connection: the time for the public to assert its interest in marine resources is at hand," "The Mixing of the Waters: an introduction to the oceanography of the Gulf of Maine," "An Industry Aground: in trouble but not yet on the rocks, Maine’s fishing industry needs help," "The Elusive Panacea: why the 200-mile limit has not lived up to its expectations," "A Not So Distant Warning: the early warnings of serious pollution in the Gulf of Maine," "Oceanography Demystified: two books for the serious amateur naturalist," and "Making Waves in the Gulf of Maine: a directory of marine research centers around the Gulf." The Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine and the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment joined the Workshop for Data and Information Systems effort as Co-conveners, reflecting their mutual interest in the subject. The Workshop was convened on November 3rd through 5th, 1993 at the New England Center on the University of New Hampshire campus. The workshop objectives were addressed through presentations of current data and information systems during the plenary session followed by discussion held in the working group sessions. Each group was charged with producing recommendations focused on identified issues. This resource provides the record of the meeting. It includes the an overall executive summary and recommendations, the working groups recommendations, plus all of the pre and post workshop support materials. The Gulf of Maine Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan was based on following mission statement provided by the Council: in support of the Council’s goals, it is the mission of the Gulf of Maine marine environmental quality Monitoring Program to provide environmental and resource managers with information to support sustainable use of the Gulf, and allow assessment and management of risk to public and environmental health from current and potential threats. A key part of this monitoring plan was to identify pilot projects which, once completed, would in effect implement the larger plan. "Gulfwatch," which was established by the Gulf of Maine Monitoring Committee, is such a project. This resource documents the paper which presents the findings and recommendations of the Gulfwatch Subcommittee on that pilot project outlined in its 1991 workplan. This documents provides the workplan, methods, quality control, results, management implications, research issues, and conclusions from the plan’s 1991 work year. The Gulf of Maine; Sustaining Our Common Heritage Conference was held in Portland, Maine, on December 10-12, 1990. More than 250 participants, including scientists, policy makers, fishermen, and citizens, gathered to discuss what cooperative state/provincial work is needed to sustain the Gulf’s productivity. The conference began with a review of the findings from the Working Group’s report, ‘The Gulf of Maine: Sustaining Our Common Heritage,’ and was concluded with the Governors and Premiers signing an agreement to cooperatively protect the resources of the Gulf of Maine. The agreement established goals, objectives, and specific tasks that the states and provinces would work on collaboratively. The recommendations that emerged from the conference work sessions were to be incorporated into an Action Plan. This resource documents the proceedings of this conference by presenting the program schedule, speeches and commentaries given, plenary sessions papers, and work session summaries. This conference was a huge success for the Gulf of Maine Council. Brought together by an interest in sustaining the health of the Gulf of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia joined with Maine in a cooperative effort to protect this shared resource. This resource, a report on sustaining the common heritage of the Gulf of Maine, was the first step towards addressing the mutual concerns on a Gulfwide basis. Looking beyond the political boundaries that divide the Gulf, this report describes the Gulf ecosystem, discusses its multiple values and the stresses to which it is subjected, as well as their impacts on the ecosystem. This resource’s findings and recommendations were intended to lay the groundwork for improved, cooperative management of the Gulf. This resource documents the efforts of the Gulf of Maine working group by providing the following chapters: the gulf as an ecosystem, the value of the Gulf, stresses on the Gulf, effects of stresses on the Gulf, and summary & future outlook. There is also a list of references and suggested readings. Geographical Perspectives on the Maritime Provinces. Douglas Day. 1988. 218 pp. The Maritimes form a distinctive part of Canada. A diverse landscape, close proximity of land and sea, and a rich cultural heritage have served not only to set that region apart from the rest of the country, but to create significant differences between Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island and within each of the provinces. The thirteen articles in the resource explore some of the aspects that bind the region together as a geographical unit, and the geographical diversity within the region. The authors are researchers who have devoted much of their efforts to an understanding of the Maritime and the way the region’s geography has changed over time. In this resource, they consider the region’s cultural landscape, aspects of its settlement, some of the resource industries, urban development and problems, and the effect of public policy on matters of regional concern. Articles in this document range from ‘Migration and Settlement: The Scots of Cape Breton’ to ‘Mining and Landscape Modification on the Sydney Coalfield.’ Canadian Perspectives on Air Pollution. J. Hilborn, M. Still. 1990. 81 pp. This resource, a State of the Environment Report, discusses the causes of some of the local and atmospheric air pollution problems, as well as their general effects on both human health and the environment. This documents details the sources, emissions, levels, and environmental and human health effects of the the six common air pollutants - airborne particulates, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ground-level ozone, and hydrocarbons. Characteristics of toxic air pollutants are more difficult to describe because there are so many of them. This resource illustrates the variety of approaches used in their study - by single chemical, as in the case of lead; by class of chemicals, as for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; by polluting activity, for example, residential wood combustion; and by geographic area, for instance, Junction Triangle, a small, industrialized urban area with local sources of pollution. This resource examines several regional and global pollution issues of importance to Canadians, discussing their significance and outlining the efforts of Canadian government to prevent air pollution through legislation. The objectives of this resource were stated as follows: (1) to provide information on the coastal zone of Southeast Newfoundland which would facilitate the assessment of impacts on the shoreline that might result from oil spills, and to generate a data base that could be utilized in oil spill countermeasures planning, (2) to provide information on the coastal zone that could assist in determining suitability for onshore development in conjunction with offshore exploration and production, and to provide a data base against which the impacts of such development could be assessed, and (3) to test the applicability of the established principles of ecological land classification to these practical requirements. Through the application of an integrated ecological land survey, coastal zone parameters were mapped to satisfy these objectives. This resource documents the results in the presentation of the maps, pictures, and summaries which analyze wave energy, offshore features, foreshore and backshore characteristics, terrain, soil, vegetation, land use and selected cultural features. This resource was presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Association for Canadian Studies in the United States, November, 1989, San Francisco. The economies of Maine and New Brunswick continued to depend on the environment even though the regional employment structure had changed dramatically from earlier decades. Traditionally, aquatic resources such as herring, lobster, and bottom fish and terrestrial resources of pine, spruce, and fir had supported Canadians and Americans alike. Commercial fishing and lumbering had not disappeared, but they ebbed while tourism and recreation industries grew. These service industries remained closely tied to nature - advertisements extolled the parks, shores, and forests of the region. Scenery was only one concern; recreation relied on watersports, fishing, and other outdoor activities that were highly sensitive to environmental quality. This resource documents to cooperation between Maine an New Brunswick in response to these concerns. Their cooperation began in 1974, and this document presents the progress in this cooperation up to 1989. Canada’s Green Plan for a Healthy Environment. Government of Canada.. 1990. 174 pp. Canadians have many concerns and ideas for cleaning up and protecting their environment. This resource, Canada’s Green Plan for a healthy environment, was the federal government’s response to these concerns and ideas. In preparing this environmental action plan, they worked hard to ensure the priorities expressed so eloquently by Canadians are reflected in the many Green Plan initiatives. In fact, 400 of the 500 recommendations made at the national wrap-up consultation were incorporated into this Plan. This resource was the most important environmental action plan ever produced in Canada, it provided more than 100 important and well-funded initiatives. This document presents the targets and schedules that would drive environmental initiatives within federal jurisdiction of Canada for years to come. This resource is organized into two main sections, first an overview and then an incredibly detailed description of the Green Plan outlining clean air, water, and land principles; sustaining renewable resources; species; and global environmental security. This report to the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment provides an overview and background on existing state and federal laws and programs affecting the coastal and marine environment of the Gulf of Maine. It is intended to assist the Council in evaluating the existing legal framework relating to the Gulf’s natural resources to identify areas of similarity and differences among jurisdictions bordering the Gulf. This resource briefly discusses the federal regulatory framework and how it affects state laws; it compares state laws and programs; it contrasts different and unique state approaches; and it suggests options for uniform and cooperative approaches to regulating and protecting the coastal and marine resources of the Gulf of Maine. For many of these options additional research is called for, similar to that prepared for the Council on ‘Habitat Mitigation Efforts in the Gulf of Maine.’ This resource also contains comparative assessment of the laws and programs of the States of Maine, Massachusetts and New Hampshire and highlights a number of similarities and differences among state approaches. Recommendations are also provided. Continental Shelves. H. Postma, J.J. Zijlstra. 1988. 57 pp. The continental shelf off the northeast coast of the United States is one of the most intensively studied regions of the North Atlantic. For three and half centuries the ecosystem has supported large and important common-resource fisheries, extending from the export trade in salted cod of the early colonists in the late 17th Century to the heavy exploitation of the total fin-fish biomass in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. Uses of the shelf as a source of petrogenic hydrocarbons and as a repository for wastes had heightened concerns for the ‘health’ of the ecosystem. In an effort to provide the information base from which the ecosystem perturbation could be monitored and forecast, the National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration initiated a long-term study of the northeast shelf. This resource is part of a effort to continue updating the analysis from on-going surveys of the northeast shelf. This document provides the most recent information and description of all aspects of the continental shelves in the northeast. As local or regional action plans and strategies are developed to prevent damage and mitigate present and past pollution issues, it is important to turn to the specific and generic results of research and monitoring carried out in other parts of the world. The Gulf of Maine was, as of 1989, a more-or-less pristine marine habitat suffering relatively few effects from marine pollution; other coastal seas of the world were not so fortunate. The effects of pollution and development in Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and other regions of North America were often intense and wide-spread; understanding the issues and problems in these waters would have aided in solving the principal Gulf of Maine habitat degradation issues. This resource comments of the work done by the Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution, whose drafted State of the Marine Environment Report was to be published by the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). The report was based largely on several UNEP Regional Seas Reports. This document presents the state of the world’s oceans according to these reports in an effort to aid the Gulf of Maine Council in their efforts towards a healthier GOM. Energy Options for Atlantic Canada. Marshall Conley, Graham Daborn. 1983. 157 pp. Atlantic Canada before 1982 was faced with a unique set of opportunities for satisfying its growing energy demands. Since all available options could not be adopted, selection among these options had to be made - a prospect that was beset by extremely difficult political and social problems. It was in recognition of these opportunities and problems that series of workshops were held to review separately the various energy options, and this series culminated in a final conference in 1982 at which technical, economic, social and political aspects were discussed. This resource contains accounts of all the major energy options available to Atlantic Canada and environmental aspects of their development written by acknowledged experts in each field. This documents presents the facts about these options in the most favorable light; comparison and evaluation are the prerogative of the reader. There are five different papers for five unique energy options. Each option in discussed also by its category according to environmental perspectives and political & economic perspectives. The responsibility of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service includes protection of migratory birds, seabirds, anadromous fish, and endangered species and their habitats. By law, the Fish and Wildlife Service is the principal agency in the federal government with the responsibility to conserve, protect, and enhance these resources and their habitats. The Service established the Gulf of Maine Project in Portland, Maine to provide a bridge among all Service programs and build partnerships among state and federal agencies, local organizations, and private citizens working to improve coastal habitats in the Gulf of Maine. This resource documents the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service activities that were in Support of the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment’s Action Plan of 1990. It includes summaries of work done on objectives 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 for habitat protection, and 4.2 and 4.4 for education & participation. This document also lists the cooperative initiatives and opportunities available through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for implementing the Gulf of Maine Action Plan. This report presents the results of oral histories among retired fishermen in the State of Maine and New Hampshire. It talks about spawning areas and former spawning areas for cod and haddock that were identified in coastal waters extending from Grand Manan Channel to Ipswich Bay. The characteristics of these areas and a review of factors relating to the demise of these coastal stocks are included in this document. This resource first provides an overview titled ‘Restoring Cod and Haddock to the Gulf of Maine’ and then proceeds to present the results of the spawning area surveys. Geographic locations are split according into the following sections: Grand Manan Channel to Monhegan, Monhegan to Ipswich Bay, and totals, Grand Manan Channel to Ipswich Bay. There is also a discussion section, and appendices showing the spawning ground charts and listing of Cod and Haddock spawning grounds. This resource documents two plans, the Aquaculture Strategic Plan and the Aquaculture White Paper Plan. The Aquaculture Strategic Plan explains, as of September 1995, the present and future status of aquaculture in Massachusetts. It is the tool that is needed to form a framework to support aquacultural activity, both private and public, and to encourage the growth of this industry during a critical stage of development. The purpose of the White Paper report is to review the status of the aquaculture industry in the state both from a biological and technological standpoint as well as from a legal/regulatory perspective. This White Paper includes information on the biology, technology, support systems, water quality, seafood safety, legal, and economic aspects of the aquaculture industry. This resource reports equally on these two programs, discussing their progress and reflecting upon their purpose as a action towards an increase in environmental awareness in Massachusetts. Gulf of Maine Council. Evaluation of Gulfwatch: 1993. Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. December 1996. 128 pp. PDF. Available!! In 1989, the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment endorsed the concept of a Gulf-wide environmental health monitoring project and funded a pilot project consistent with the goals of the Gulf of Maine Environmental Monitoring Plan. This report presents the findings of the third year of this project. The Monitoring Plan is based on a mission statement provided by the Council: It is the mission of the Gulf of Maine Marine Environmental Quality Monitoring Program to provide environmental and resource managers with information to support sustainable use of the Gulf and allow assessment and management of risk to public and environmental health from current and potential threats. This resource provides information on the methods used, the results & discussion (including specific results on metal and organic contaminants), and conclusions. John Sowles is the person who did the main preparation for this document. Gulf of Maine Council. Evaluation of Gulfwatch: 1994. Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. December 1996. 108 pp. PDF. Available!! In 1989, the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment endorsed the concept of a Gulf-wide environmental health monitoring project and funded a pilot project consistent with the goals of the Gulf of Maine Environmental Monitoring Plan. This report presents the findings of the fourth year of this project. The Monitoring Plan is based on a mission statement provided by the Council: It is the mission of the Gulf of Maine Marine Environmental Quality Monitoring Program to provide environmental and resource managers with information to support sustainable use of the Gulf and allow assessment and management of risk to public and environmental health from current and potential threats. This resource provides information on the methods used, the results & discussion (including specific results on metal and organic contaminants), and conclusions. Margo Chase is the person who did the main preparation for this document. Gulf of Maine Council. Evaluation of Gulfwatch: 1995. Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. December 1996. 137 pp. PDF. Available!! In 1989, the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment endorsed the concept of a Gulf-wide environmental health monitoring project and funded a pilot project consistent with the goals of the Gulf of Maine Environmental Monitoring Plan. This report presents the findings of the fifth year of this project. The Monitoring Plan is based on a mission statement provided by the Council: It is the mission of the Gulf of Maine Marine Environmental Quality Monitoring Program to provide environmental and resource managers with information to support sustainable use of the Gulf and allow assessment and management of risk to public and environmental health from current and potential threats. This resource provides information on the methods used, the results & discussion (including specific results on metal and organic contaminants), and conclusions. Margo Chase is the person who did the main preparation for this document. In 1989, the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment endorsed the concept of a Gulf-wide environmental health monitoring project and funded a pilot project consistent with the goals of the Gulf of Maine Environmental Monitoring Plan. This report presents the findings of the seventh year of this project. The Monitoring Plan is based on a mission statement provided by the Council: It is the mission of the Gulf of Maine Marine Environmental Quality Monitoring Program to provide environmental and resource managers with information to support sustainable use of the Gulf and allow assessment and management of risk to public and environmental health from current and potential threats. This resource provides information on the methods used, the results & discussion (including specific results on metal and organic contaminants), and conclusions. Margo Chase is the person who did the main preparation for this document. US EPA - Region 1. 1998 State of the New England Environmental Report. 1998. 29 pp. The EPA works very hard to increase its presence in New England's communities; to stand tough on important environmental issues such as safe drinking water and clean air; to tackle new, troubling issues like sprawl development; and to improve internal management systems so as to deliver more inspired, cost-effective service. EPA does not meet these challenges without the help of eager, able, committed New Englanders; they have benefited from, and continue to welcome, ideas and labor of citizens to help strive towards a healthier, more beautiful New England for generations to come. This resource reports on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Region 1 1998 evaluation on the state of the New England environment. This document has chapters covering the following topics: public health & our environment, the challenge of global climate change, sprawl, New England’s ecological health, the Charles River: a progress report, compliance & pollution prevention, you & your environment, and agency goals. US EPA - Region 1. 1997 State of the New England Environmental Report. 1997. 29 pp. The EPA works very hard to increase its presence in New England's communities; to stand tough on important environmental issues such as safe drinking water and clean air; to tackle new, troubling issues like sprawl development; and to improve internal management systems so as to deliver more inspired, cost-effective service. EPA does not meet these challenges without the help of eager, able, committed New Englanders; they have benefited from, and continue to welcome, ideas and labor of these citizens to help strive towards a healthier, more beautiful New England for generations to come. This resource reports on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Region 1 1997 evaluation on the state of the New England environment. This document has chapters covering the following topics: New England ecosystems, public health & our environment, economic opportunities, recreational resources, environmental education & outreach, and new directions. The concept of environmental impact assessment (EIA) was 16 years old as of 1987. In the intervening years since the National Environmental Policy Act of the United States brought the concept to prominence in 1969, it had matured considerably. The process of maturation had taken many forms. In the United States, it had become a very legalistic process. This paper synthesizes discussions and findings of an international workshop on "Strategic Planning for the Coastal and Marine Environment", held in March 1985. EIA practitioners from industry, government, university, and special interest groups from Canada, the United States and Scotland gathered to develop further the concept of area-wide or strategic assessments. The objectives of the workshop were to describe a process that would facilitate decision-making on a timely basis, minimize resource conflicts and allow more effective public participation. This paper also reviews appropriate literature on the subject in order to demonstrate the more comprehensive approach to EIA that is being advocated by researchers, planners and practitioners. Various bits of Information about Quality Assurance Project Plans. This resource is comprised of documents and other information EPA has produced relating to volunteer monitoring and quality assurance. Quality Assurance Project Plans are documents that show how quality assurance and quality control are applied to environmental data operations to ensure that results obtained are the type and quality needed and expected. This resource talks about these plans, what they are, why we have them, when are they needed, who uses then, and how to make them. Also included in this document are the Casco Bay and Chesapeake Bay Quality Assurance project plans as examples of programs which have many groups associated with them. All EPA-funded projects that involve collecting environmental measurements must have an EPA approved quality assurance project plan prior to initiation. However many groups have developed QA plans regardless of funding sources, in order to develop confidence in their information, reduce variability in procedures and provide written documentation available for users. US EPA - Region 1. 1996 State of the New England Environmental Report. 1996. 29 pp. The EPA works very hard to increase its presence in New England's communities; to stand tough on important environmental issues such as safe drinking water and clean air; to tackle new, troubling issues like sprawl development; and to improve internal management systems so as to deliver more inspired, cost-effective service. EPA does not meet these challenges without the help of eager, able, committed New Englanders; they have benefited from, and continue to welcome, ideas and labor of these citizens to help strive towards a healthier, more beautiful New England for generations to come. This resource reports on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Region 1 1996 evaluation on the state of the New England environment. This document has chapters covering the following topics: preserving New England’s natural resources, building environmental stewardship, restoring contaminated sites, and new directions. US EPA - Region 1. State of the New England Environmental 1970-1995. 1996. 29 pp. New Englanders are a people defined by their natural resources. From the peak of Mount Washington to the coastal islands, from Mount Katahdin to the Berkshires, from Lake Champlain to Long Island Sound, New Englanders look to natural resources for their sustenance, their recreation and their livelihoods. This report, presented for the 25th anniversary of Earth Day, takes stock of where New Englanders are in preserving and improving those natural resources. It captures many of their successes and hard-won victories, stories that give them cause for celebration, for they have made significant progress in restoring the New England environment. This report also provides an honest assessment of the concerns New Englanders still face and the approaches they must use to tackle them. EPA-New England charted the course for that new approach. This report is EPA-New England's first effort to document the region's environmental quality. It was intended to be the first of many annual reports. Chapters title charting a course in to the future, air quality, water quality, ecosystems & habitats, built environments, waste management, pollution prevention in New England, and new directions. This report examines recent trends in the economic growth and development of the Gulf of Maine region, defined as the counties bordering the Gulf of Maine in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. This resource covers an economically diverse region, with major metropolitan centers and small one-industry villages. The region has experienced economic and population growth throughout, with a few exceptions, and it has generally become more diverse over the past 15 years. Four aspects of the region's economy are likely to be of particular concern to the Gulf of Maine Council and its work safeguarding the region's environmental resources:patterns of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan growth, tourism and recreation, fisheries, and transportation. This report discusses these four key economic forces in great depth before concluding with several recommendations for actions the Council should consider taking to better understand and come to grips with the economy and ecology of the Gulf of Maine region. Canada. Population Projections for Canada Provinces and Territories 1989-2011. 1989. This resource is a listing of the population projections for Canadian provinces and territories. It lists components of estimated population growth, postcensal annual estimates of population by marital status, age, sex, and components of growth for Canada, census divisions, and population & dwelling counts for Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, separately. This document is filled with numbers, it is comprised of all the data sheets for these population studies. There is no analysis included and no conclusion are drawn from these projected populations for Canadian provinces and territories. In 1989, the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment endorsed the concept of a Gulf-wide environmental health monitoring project and funded a pilot project consistent with the goals of the Gulf of Maine Environmental Monitoring Plan. Gulfwatch was the main result of this plan. The monitoring Plan is based on a mission statement provided by the Council: It is the mission of the Gulf of Maine Marine Environmental Quality Monitoring Program to provide environmental and resource managers with information to support sustainable use of the Gulf and allow assessment and management of risk to public and environmental health from current and potential threats. This resource is a detailed account of the standard procedures used by the Gulfwatch Program for the implementation period (1993 to 2001). This report includes both the field procedures and the laboratory methods for the extraction and quantification of the concentrations of organic and inorganic contaminants. The laboratory protocol for the contaminants are presented in the annual results publishing the results of the Gulfwatch. This report, however, is the first to combine the methods for laboratory and field procedures used in the Gulfwatch program. This resource documents a hearing held on Tuesday, September 8, 1987 when the Subcommittee on Environmental Protection met, pursuant to notice, at 1:30 p.m., at Council Chambers, 389 Congress Street, Portland, Maine. The hearing was intended to provide a clear and accurate picture of environmental trends in the Gulf of Maine. In addition, the hearing brought forth the views of many witnesses concerning what we should be doing to preserve the high quality of the Gulf. Questions like should we expand scientific research and monitoring; what priority should be given to different types of research; is there a need for greater cooperation, coordination, expanded technical effort, or more stable funding sources; and what is the appropriate role for the Federal Government to play in research and monitoring in the gulf, were the focus of attention during the hearing. This resource provides a exact account of all the proceedings which transpired during the hearing. Included in this document are the testimonies and written statements from ten witnesses, along with the opening remarks from Senator George Mitchell. The conference, "Bridging the Gulf A Watershed of Watersheds", grew out of an effort to improve networking among citizen coastal water monitoring groups around the Gulf of Maine and to make a concerted effort to build their capacity (improve credibility, organizational status, public awareness etc.). It was found that local groups start with a focus on their local waters but they quickly find their connection to the Gulf of Maine. This conference intended to reinforce their understanding of these regional issues while demonstrating the local implications of these trends. This resource documents the proceedings of this conference, including summaries of the workshops and breakout sessions, a list of technical assistance resources for groups and an outline of internet resources that are and will be available to facilitate ongoing communication among the participants and other coastal groups. The conference had four main themes: the State of the Gulf, the Rising Tide of Citizen Monitoring in the Gulf of Maine, Bridging the Gulf: Linking Citizens, Science & Policy, and Testing the Waters. This Status Report on Canadian Marine Environmental Quality is a project of the MEQ Advisory Group of Conservation and Protection, Environment Canada. It is the last of three projects assigned to the Group by the Assistant Deputy-Minister, Conservation and Protection, in 1985. The other projects were the first Canadian Conference on Marine Environmental Quality held in Halifax in 1988 (Proceedings published in 1988) and the Five-Year Conservation and Protection MEQ Action Plan approved in 1989. All three projects were intended to bring a new focus and direction to Environment Canada's marine environmental quality programs, and to achieve a higher government and public profile for marine environmental quality issues in Canada. This report evolved conceptually during preparation and contributed to papers, talks and other reports on the state of Canada's seas. The report largely takes a contaminants and pollution approach. It in no way presupposes that Marine Environmental Quality can only or should only be evaluated in this manner. Chapters include: National and International Perspectives, the Pacific, the Arctic, the Atlantic, and Assessment of Canadian Marine Environmental Quality. During June, 1996, a workshop on shellfish habitat restoration in the Gulf of Maine area was held in Saint John, New Brunswick. This was the second on this topic sponsored by the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. Some 64 people attended from throughout the Maritimes and New England region, representing shellfish industries, researchers, resource regulators, conservation organizations and the general public. The objective of the workshop was to share management approaches, experiences and ideas relative to improving the quality of degraded marine shellfish habitat and to make recommendations to resolve existing problems for the overall environmental, economic and social benefit of the citizens of the Gulf of Maine. These recommendations of the working groups logically fell into four areas (not in priority order) as follows: Management & Regulation, Community Involvement & Public Education, Harvesting & Marketing, and Research & Development. This resource documents this workshop by presenting the presentation abstracts (from MA, ME and NB), and working group session summaries. Appendices list the participants, working group members, and notes to facilitators. Bright, Sarah. The Wild Gulf Almanac. The Chewonki Foundation. 1995. 168 pp. The purpose of the Wild Gulf Almanac is to give the Gulf of Maine region the visibility it merits as an extraordinary global ecosystem, to put information about the Gulf in the hands of educators, and to put people who live and work on its shores in touch with one another to help protect and restore its natural abundance. This first issue of the Wild Gulf Almanac only begins the process; it is the first volume-of what was hoped would become an accessible, up-to-date guide for people who want to learn more about the Gulf of Maine and how they can affect its future. The first chapter discusses materials that help to introduce the watershed concept and environmental education in general. Following chapters focus primarily on terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine, and coastal and marine systems. The last chapter describes several resources, activities, and materials dealing within the effects of human actions on natural systems in the watershed. As is the case with natural systems themselves, the materials discussed in the Almanac inevitably overlap and are always subject to change. Prior to Spring 1995, the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment has responded to pollution threats in the Gulf through a wide spectrum of programs and projects, including activities such as the completion of an initial inventory of land based sources of pollution in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, establishing and maintaining a Gulf-wide monitoring program, and initiating a marine debris recovery program now beginning its third year. This list just begins to outline the work of the Gulf of Maine Council ... and it just begins to touch upon its possibilities. This resource "Our Common Heritage" attempts to initiate a system that provides the Gulf of Maine region with updates to the Council’s accomplishments and objectives. This resource has articles such as: ‘Annual Report 1993-1994’ (GOM Council), ‘Mapping Marine Debris,’ ‘Perspectives on the Sea,’ and ‘Ecology for Beginners.’ The aim of this journal is to increase awareness and educate about Gulf of Maine issues. This is Volume #1. Just as humans need food, water, space, and shelter to survive, so do the fish and wildlife that inhabit the Gulf of Maine. It is a well-documented fact that maintaining habitat - whether it's terrestrial or aquatic - is crucial to the well-being of the Gulfs wild animal species. Fish and wildlife populations would quickly diminish without suitable habitat. In this issue of Our Common Heritage, the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment examines the important topic of habitat protection, and shows some examples of the good stewardship activities that are occurring within the Gulf of Maine watershed to accomplish it. These efforts range from large projects undertaken by government agencies to small ones initiated by committed individuals. This resource includes articles such as: ‘Town of Rye: Restoring tidal flow returns marshes to good health,’ ‘Mill River Pollution Remediation Project: Collaboration and implementation at work,’ ‘Protecting Maine's Coastal Nesting Islands,’ ‘Corporations Partnering with Nova Scotia to Protect Wetlands,’ and ‘St. Croix Estuary Project: A model of international cooperation.’ Salem Sound 2000 is a coalition of local governments, businesses, educational and other non-profit institutions, and citizens from the communities of Beverly, Danvers, Manchester, Marblehead, Peabody and Salem. This coalition is dedicated to taking cooperative action to protect and enhance the quality of Salem Sound and to maximize its benefits as a regional resource. This resource is the January 1997 issue which has the following sections: update and welcome to new staff members, staff bios, natural resources inventory, Salem Sound 2000 Monitor goes ‘overboard’, volunteer opportunities, pollution prevention project, new directions in monitoring, Salem Sound 2000 Monitor in the news, funding update, and honorable mentions. The Maine Coast Heritage Trust is dedicated to protecting land that is essential to the character of Maine, its coastline and islands in particular. Since 1970, more than 76,000 acres have been permanently protected. Maine Coast Heritage Trust provides conservation advisory services to landowners, local land trusts and state and community officials free of charge. A membership organization, Maine Coast Heritage Trust welcomes support and inquiries. Articles in the summer issue include ‘Three Gifts Invigorate Bay Initiative,’ ‘Second Largest Land Gift to State of Maine - Ever,’ ‘Stemming the Tide of Development,’ and ‘Charitable Remainder Trust to Honor Matthew Baxter.’ Articles in the spring issue include ‘Calderwood Island Forever Wild,’ ‘Land Conservation and Property Taxes,’ and ‘Small Grant Produces Big Results.’ McMahon, Robert. Maine Business Indicators - Volume 35. University of Southern Maine. Fall 1989. This newsletter is published through the Center for Business and Economic Research School of Business, Economics and Management at the University of Southern Maine. It has four articles: (1) ‘Economic growth trends on the Gulf of Maine littoral’ by Charles S. Colgan, (2) ‘The Maine economy and the R-word: Soft landing of recession?’ By David W. Findlay, (3) ‘Predicting leveraged buy-out activity: When debt doesn’t matter’ by Linda L. Richardson, and (4) ‘Federal Government packs fiscal punch in Maine’ by Carl E. Veazie. This resource aims to increase awareness about business indicators in the Maine economy. Volume 1, Spring 1995 is an issue of the Gulf Guardian focused on the diversity of volunteer monitoring activities taking place around the Bay of Fundy / Gulf of Maine watershed. Inside this resource you will find information on nutrient testing, tracking Common Loon nesting patterns, biodiversity monitoring and several other ways that volunteers are contributing to an understanding of ecosystem health in the region. Volume 2, Summer 1997, highlights five main topics, the articles are titled: ‘An array of partners cooperate to benefit Parker River Alewife,’ ‘Bay of Fundy highlighted at RIM of the Gulf conference,’ ‘The future of fisheries in the Bay of Fundy,’ ‘Effects of fishing gear on the sea floor of New England,’ and ‘The Great Bay start 8th monitoring season.’ The Great Bay Matters Newsletter. Volume 1 No. 2 Summer 1994. Great Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve is an estuary comprised of 4,500 acres of tidal waters and wetlands with 850 acres of coastal land. Acquired through land purchases and conservation easements, the Great Bay NERR was designated on October 3, 1989 to be preserved for the purposes of education, research, and resource protection. This issue has four articles: ‘Sandy Point Opening,’ ‘Staff Coming and Goings,’ ‘Great Bay ... A Poem,’ and ‘Coastlinks.’ Great Bay Matters newsletter is published through the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. The CERCular Coastal Engineering Research Center. March 1996. This resource is a bulletin published in accordance with AR 25-30 as an information dissemination function of the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. The publication is part of the technology transfer mission of CERC under PL 79-166. Results from ongoing research programs will be presented. Special emphasis will be placed on articles relating to application of research results or technology to specific project needs. This resource’s main article is titled ‘Numerical Modeling of Storm-Induced Beach Erosion’ which includes a field case study of Dewey Beach, DE. Also included is list of publications of interest, CERC publications, and a calendar of Coastal Events of interest. During April, 1992, Environment Canada sponsored a workshop in Halifax, Nova Scotia, for senior Canadian environmental managers on behalf of the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. The objective of this venture was to "educate" the higher, decision-making levels of government as to the mandate, work and plans of the Council relative to the preservation of the environmental health of the Gulf, and to obtain their commitment to support and pursue such activities. As a result of this workshop, the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture made the commitment to sponsor another workshop, in 1993 - The focus of this workshop was to be placed on the restoration of shellfish habitat throughout the Gulf of Maine. The purpose of this workshop was to give key players in the industry, such as managers, researchers and industry representatives, the opportunity to discuss the situation in the Gulf of Maine and what effects it has on the shellfish which inhabit it. The ultimate objective was to promote more harvesting openings in the Gulf through improving the marine environment in the Gulf of Maine. This resource documents this workshop, providing the abstracts, recommendations, and summaries produced from its proceedings. Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment Annual Report 1990/1991. 15 pp. The Gulf of Maine extends from the northern reaches of the Bay of Fundy to the waters of Cape Cod Bay. Because of Georges Bank, where in some places water depth is less then twenty feet, the Gulf of Maine is nearly an enclosed sea. This resource documents the monthly highlights and reports from Gulf of Maine Council activities for year 1990/1991. Other information provided in this resource include: a letter from the Chairperson, Council highlights 1990 and 1991, descriptions of Council meetings, the completed 1990-91 work plan tasks, public outreach efforts, a summary of Gulf-related events, and an outlook for the future. The year 1990/1991 was a successful growing year for the Council, it illustrated that the Gulf Program was expanding at a rapid pace. This is the 3rd edition of Environmental Education in Massachusetts. Originally issued in 1989, this booklet was compiled in response to the growing interest in the many excellent environmental education programs available through public and private organizations across the Commonwealth at little or no cost. In response to the many inquiries received by the Executive Office of Environmental Affairs and the environmental agencies, the Secretaries' Advisory Group on Environmental Education (SAGEE) has once again surveyed the state and compiled a listing of programs for educators. This 1995 edition is also be available on-line. The electronic version was updated continually and served as the basis for future printings. Listings include: Executive Office of Environmental Affairs (EOEA), Department of Environmental Management (DEM), Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Environmental Law Enforcement (DFWELE), Department of Food and Agriculture, Metropolitan District Commission (MDC), Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Local Resources, Massachusetts Utility Educators Association, Residential Environmental Education Centers, Other Resources, Spanish Resources, Recycling Resources, Other Resource Guides, and Environmental Education Organizations. This resource, written by Walter H. Rich, first appeared in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries, Report of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries, for the fiscal year 1929. When Captain Robert McLellan of Boothbay Harbor died in 1981, the employees of the Maine Department of Marine Resources contributed money to be used to purchase books in his memory, for the Departments Fishermen's Library. Captain McLellan's family was asked what purchases they would recommend, and a top priority was to somehow reprint this work on the fishing grounds. This was a book that had been helpful to Captain McLellan in his career, and one which his son, Captain Richard McLellan, found still valid and useful. It is the hope of the Department and its employees that the fishermen of today will benefit from the detailed information in this publication, and that they will remember Captain Robert McLellan, a man who knew how to use books to enhance his career as a fisherman, who knew how to share his knowledge with the scientific community, and who was widely respected by fishermen and scientists alike. This resource is an exact copy of his report. This resource documents the proceedings of the Rim of the Gulf conference by presenting the conference’s opening remarks, all of the papers prepared for and presented at the conference, a report of the working group sessions, and a list of conference registrants. Papers included: "Seafloor Mapping in Penobscot Bay, Maine," "What can Science do for Fisheries Management," "Bay of Fundy: Science, Issues, and Actions," "GIS: A tool for Habitat Protection Partnerships in Coastal Maine," and "Salmon Aquaculture in Southwestern New Brunswick." These are only a few of the papers which this resource documents and publishes. The organizers of the conference where the Island Institute, the Conservation Council of New Brunswick, and the Conservation Law Foundation. Canada’s Green Plan for a Healthy Environment: In Brief. Government of Canada.. 1990. Canadians have many concerns and ideas for cleaning up and protecting their environment. This resource, Canada’s Green Plan for a healthy environment: In brief, summarizes the federal government’s response to these concerns and ideas. In preparing this environmental action plan, they worked hard to ensure the priorities expressed so eloquently by Canadians are reflected in the many Green Plan initiatives. In fact, 400 of the 500 recommendations made at the national wrap-up consultation were incorporated into this Plan. The original Green Plan was the most important environmental action plan ever produced in Canada, it provided more than 100 important and well-funded initiatives. The original presents the targets and schedules that would drive environmental initiatives within federal jurisdiction of Canada for years to come. This resource summarizes all that, and then briefly outlines detailed descriptions of the Green Plan initiatives in clean air, water, and land principles; sustaining renewable resources; species; and global environmental security. Also included is a Green Plan news release. The Gulf of Maine Agreement provided for a mid-term review to reassess its goals and objectives. The Gulf of Maine Council adopted the the following objectives for a Sustaining Our Common Heritage conference: to inform conference participants on the progress of initiatives and development of new initiatives being undertaken in the Gulf of Maine; to identify and prioritize Gulf-wide issues, and to identify present and potential key partners in each issue; and to identify opportunities for both government and non-government groups to follow through with conference recommendations. This was a working conference. For the Action Plan goals to be achieved, the Council recognizes the need to build lasting, effective partnerships with other organizations and community groups throughout the Gulf of Maine region. To achieve this, it is critical that all parties have the same knowledge and collectively develop a shared vision for the Gulf of Maine in the year 2000. This resources documents this conference by presenting the working session recommendations and list of conference participants. The Gulf of Maine region is composed of a wide variety of freshwater estuarine and marine habitats which support a diverse number of plants a animals including man. While the Gulf of Maine region is generally thought having few environmental problems, a substantial portion of its habitat already lost or damaged and future degradation certain if corrective steps are not taken soon. This resource provides examples of habitat loss and discusses the resulting impacts and recommendations for future action. It was prepared for the working conference The Gulf of Maine: Sustaining Our Common Heritage which was held in December of 1989 in Portland, Maine. The destruction or loss of valuable habitat is the subject of this paper. It present a general overview of this topic from a Gulf-wide perspective with a focus more on issues than on details. The author tried to be objective, but inevitably some personal bias crept in. This paper is not a definitive tome but rather a vehicle to stimulate thought and discussion at the Gulf of Maine working conference. Gulf of Maine Council. Conference Proceedings of an ARGO-Maine Workshop. Date Unknown!! At the time of this conference, the Gulf of Maine was, and still is, one of the Maine's most important resources, but not many people knew as much about it as they should have. ARGO-Maine consortium had been formed 4 years prior to the conference in an effort to try and bring to bear the resources of the varied marine research institutions in the State of Maine. The most significant accomplishment completed in the preliminary stage was to obtain a research vessel from the National Science Foundation in competition with other states. That particular 80-foot vessel was based at the Maine Maritime Academy and provided an excellent platform for research in the Gulf of Maine. The purpose of this conference was to bring together those people who were interested in this problem: what did they have out there and what could they do to protect it? What did they have to know to manage it? During October 1992, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Gulf of Maine Project, in association with the Gulf of Maine Council, convened a workshop in New Brunswick to begin implementation of the Habitat Protection goals stated in the Council's Action Plan. One of the goals of the workshop was to initiate a coordinated, comprehensive, systematic approach for identifying priority fish and wildlife habitats in the Gulf of Maine region. Workshop participants worked together to develop criteria for ranking species, and then applied these criteria to develop a list of priority fish, wildlife and plants for the region. Since habitats are the places where species live, the nomination and ranking of important species is an effective means of identifying such regionally significant habitats. Ecological data, such as upland, wetland, or water cover types, bathymetry, soil/substrate, salinity/hydrology, and other types of data would then be used to locate and display habitats. This resource documents the ecological data that can be used to locate, display, and assess important habitats in the Gulf of Maine region. The data helps to analyze landcover, bathymetry, marine vegetation, salinity, shellfish occurrence, shoreline type, substrate/sediment, and temperature. The Great Lakes are Canada's most precious fresh water resource. They are also an international resource, and hence an international responsibility. This was recognized as long ago as 1909, when the Boundary Waters Treaty was signed by Canada and the United States. This treaty set up the International joint Commission (IJC), composed of three members from each nation. Its purpose was to oversee boundary waters, including the Great Lakes, and to deal with serious problems. In order to effectively marshal Canadian forces and co-ordinate efforts on the Great Lakes, the Canada-Ontario Agreement was signed in 1971. Through the agreement, the federal and provincial governments synchronize their work in a variety of areas, such as research and development of pollution control measures, sewage treatment, surveillance and monitoring. This resource is a booklet that was published by the Canada-Ontario Agreement Review Board. The Board, which oversees Agreement activities, is composed of representatives of federal and provincial agencies. It is hoped that the booklet would lead to a greater understanding of the Great Lakes ecosystem and prompt citizens to take an active interest in its present and continuing health. A Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Regional Advisory Process (RAP) was carried out to generate a peer-reviewed summary of the Georges Bank ecosystem and potential impacts from petroleum exploratory activities. The process included input from Canadian and USA government scientists, external reviewers and representatives from fishers groups and the petroleum industry. The review resulted in seven conclusions, four of which are: (1) Georges Bank is an important offshore bank that has a number of features, which, in combination with its size, make it unique; (2) Routine exploratory seismic activity might have a significant but temporary impact on adult fish behavior and movement. This might affect fish catch rates and spawning behavior; (3) There is a low probability of a large release of petroleum product from a well blowout. If this were to occur, it might have population and ecosystem level impacts; and (4) Production activities were not reviewed but the impacts are expected to be different, both in scale and in nature, from those considered for exploratory activities. A review of specific production proposals is needed before any assessment of these can be carried out. This resource is the research document that provides the scientific information and references to support all conclusions, including those not listed here. Maine's coastal islands are special places to many of us-whether you live on one, are a regular or occasional visitor, or enjoy them from afar. These islands constitute a unique natural and cultural resource of state and national significance. However, people are concerned that the variety and intensity of human activities on and around the islands are beginning to threaten fragile island ecosystems and the unique quality of island life. Exploring Limits: Making Decisions About the Use and Development of Maine Islands is intended to be both a primer on understanding the limits on use and development of islands and a how-to guide for assessing certain elements that make up an island's carrying capacity. The publication is designed for people in island towns and towns with offshore islands, the State Land Use Regulation Commission, which regulates land use on several hundred islands, and communities and individuals considering long-range plans for a single island. People living in other coastal areas, particularly those on Maine's coastal peninsulas, should also find it relevant. It can be used as a specially-tailored guide to comprehensive planning for islands. Egg Rock Update. National Audubon Society. 1997. This resource is the newsletter of the Seabird Restoration Program of the National Audubon Society. Articles include: ‘Gannet Restoration at Perroquet Island,’ ‘Puffin News: Eastern Egg Rock and Matinicus Rock,’ ‘Tern News: Maine Tern Numbers Continue to Rise and Tern Highlights at Audubon Sanctuaries,’ and ‘Field Season Highlights.’ Field highlights include an Albatross update, Murre update, Moe’s tower receives new cap, and NFWF matching grant received. Also in this resource are two short educational sections, a list of 1996-1997 contributors, and a listing of all benefactors. This issue of Egg Rock Update was dedicated to Chris McNamara who was remembered for his friendship and generosity to the staff at the Matinicus Rock Field Station. Habitat Hotline: Atlantic. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. August 1995. 4 pp. This newsletter has one main article: "Magnuson Act Reauthorization Language Boosts Habitat Protection" written by Lori Rosa. Also included in this resource is a section concerning information about Clean Water Act Reauthorization and a section titled Along the Coast with bits of information about New Hampshire, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Chesapeake Bay, and North Carolina. This resource is a publication produced by the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary on topics concerning the marine ecosystem at Stellwagen Bank and the management plan for the Sanctuary Program. This resource is the Sanctuary’s newsletter. The main articles of the newsletter are: ‘Sanctuary to Establish Advisory Council,’ a ‘Tidings’ section which answers questions about the program, ‘Getting to Know Big-Winged New Englanders,’ and ‘Chow Time for Humpbacks.’ Also included in this document is a short guide to whale behavior, a list of whale watch operations, an education digest section, and research report section. This newsletter was published in 1996. The Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine (RARGOM) was asked to provide technical review of the Council on the Marine Environment's Action Plan 1996-2001. This review was carried out in spring of 1998, focusing on three of the five goals: (1) Protect and Restore Regionally Significant Coastal Habitats; (3) Protect Human Health and Ecosystem Integrity from Toxic Contaminants in Marine Habitats; and (5) Protect and Restore Fisheries Habitats and Resources. Their procedure involved requesting reviews from 2-4 individuals per goal. These resource is comprised of these reviews which constitute the bulk of this report. This document shows that the general reaction to the Plan from the reviewers was positive. They found that it focused on important regional priorities. The presentation was logical, with goals followed by strategies and objectives, and easy to read. Some formatting changes in the next revision might make it easier for many audiences to use. A variety of reactions to the specifics in the three goals were received. The greatest concerns were found for Goals 1 and 3. California's Ocean Resources: An Agenda For the Future was prepared pursuant to a legislative mandate (AB 205, Chapter 1027, Status. 199 1). This document helped the California Ocean Resources Management Program realize its mission of ensuring comprehensive and coordinated management, conservation, and enhancement of California's ocean resources for their intrinsic value and for the benefit of current and future generations. In doing so, the major State and federal laws that impacted California's ocean ecosystem are listed and described herein, as are the roles of the agencies charged with implementing these laws. California's complex system of State and federal reserves, refuges, sanctuaries, areas of special biological significance, and other managed areas are described and mapped in a single source document for the first ' time. A computer- based geographic information system was developed in conjunction with this effort that allowed immediate retrieval and analysis of an extensive array of ocean and coastal resource information. Also included in this resource is an economic analysis prepared specifically for this project which reveals that seven ocean-dependent industries directly and indirectly contributed 17.3 billion dollars to the State's economy in 1992, supporting over 370,000 jobs in California. The Marine Environmental Research Institute, in cooperation with the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment sponsored a series of three Coastal Awareness Forums during the Fall, 1997 on the following topics: Marine Debris: How Can We Stop Trashing Our Coastline? Claming: Can the Fishery Be Restored? and Co-management: Can Fishermen Manage Themselves? This series of Coastal Awareness Forums was patterned after the model of the National Issues Forums to encourage public dialogue about coastal Issues of pressing concern. Each issue book, in conjunction with the forum, offered the public an opportunity to deliberate alternative choices, with the intent that participants identify a common ground for action. The proceedings of the first forum entitled Marine Debris: How Can We Stop Trashing Our Coastline? are summarized in this report. This resource documents the proceedings of this forum by presenting the welcome remarks, slide show discussion, panelist presentations, community discussion, forum wrap-up, and forum participants from the forum. The Marine Environmental Research Institute, in cooperation with the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment sponsored a series of three Coastal Awareness Forums during the Fall, 1997 on the following topics: Marine Debris: How Can We Stop Trashing Our Coastline? Claming: Can the Fishery Be Restored? and Co-management: Can Fishermen Manage Themselves? This series of Coastal Awareness Forums was patterned after the model of the National Issues Forums to encourage public dialogue about coastal Issues of pressing concern. Each issue book, in conjunction with the forum, offered the public an opportunity to deliberate alternative choices, with the intent that participants identify a common ground for action. The proceedings of the third forum entitled Fisheries Co-Management: Can Fishermen Manage Themselves? are summarized in this report. This resource documents the proceedings of this forum by presenting the welcome remarks, panelist presentations, community discussion, forum wrap-up, and forum participants from the forum. The Marine Environmental Research Institute, in cooperation with the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment sponsored a series of three Coastal Awareness Forums during the Fall, 1997 on the following topics: Marine Debris: How Can We Stop Trashing Our Coastline? Claming: Can the Fishery Be Restored? and Co-management: Can Fishermen Manage Themselves? This series of Coastal Awareness Forums was patterned after the model of the National Issues Forums to encourage public dialogue about coastal Issues of pressing concern. Each issue book, in conjunction with the forum, offered the public an opportunity to deliberate alternative choices, with the intent that participants identify a common ground for action. The proceedings of the second forum entitled Claming: Can the Fishery Be Restored? are summarized in this report. This resource documents the proceedings of this forum by presenting the welcome remarks, panelist presentations, community discussion, forum wrap-up, and forum participants from the forum. This paper is one of twelve working papers prepared for a study of the international environmental risks of large-scale coastal energy developments in the Gulf of Maine - Bay of Fundy region. The study was conducted by a team of investigators from the University of Southern Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Support for the project was provided by the William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. of New York, NY and the Max Bell Foundation of Toronto, Canada. This draft paper examines the application of scientific information to existing decision-making processes in Canada. More specifically, the draft provides an overview of the characteristics and role of scientific information, related to the natural environment, in the Environmental Assessment and Review Process (EARP) administered by the Government of Canada. This paper is one of twelve working papers prepared for a study of the international environmental risks of large-scale coastal energy developments in the Gulf of Maine - Bay of Fundy region. The study was conducted by a team of investigators from the University of Southern Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Support for the project was provided by the William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. of New York, NY and the Max Bell Foundation of Toronto, Canada. Part I of this paper examines the Canadian legal regime applicable to Fundy tidal power development through three lenses: The Constitutional Division of Powers, Federal 'Legislation and Administration and Provincial Legislation and Administration. Part II provides an overview of the Canadian legal regime governing oil terminal siting and emissions. Part III reviews the Canadian legal regime governing the shipment of Oil by tankers. This paper is one of twelve working papers prepared for a study of the international environmental risks of large-scale coastal energy developments in the Gulf of Maine - Bay of Fundy region. The study was conducted by a team of investigators from the University of Southern Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Support for the project was provided by the William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. of New York, NY and the Max Bell Foundation of Toronto, Canada. This paper is concerned with the events and decisions taken by Canadians on proposed Fundy tidal power developments from August, 1966 (the signing of the Federal/Provincial tidal Power Study Agreement) to 1983 (the turning of the switch at Annapolis Royal tidal power demonstration project). It is a case study of a technology assessment system and process and, therefore, is both descriptive and analytical. This study attempts to document the issues and the actors which have been most influential in promoting Fundy tidal power development over the past seventeen years. This paper is one of twelve working papers prepared for a study of the international environmental risks of large-scale coastal energy developments in the Gulf of Maine - Bay of Fundy region. The study was conducted by a team of investigators from the University of Southern Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Support for the project was provided by the William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. of New York, NY and the Max Bell Foundation of Toronto, Canada. This paper examines how a tidal power development wholly within the United States, or a joint Canadian-American venture in Passamaquoddy Bay would be subject to a full range of United States environmental regulation. It appears, however, that such a tidal power project situated entirely in Canada, even if its primary purpose were provision of power to the United States and construction were conditioned on American purchase power contracts, might largely escape United States regulation. This paper is one of twelve working papers prepared for a study of the international environmental risks of large-scale coastal energy developments in the Gulf of Maine - Bay of Fundy region. The study was conducted by a team of investigators from the University of Southern Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Support for the project was provided by the William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. of New York, NY and the Max Bell Foundation of Toronto, Canada. The purpose of this paper is to survey the federal legislation that would be applicable to the development of a tidal power project in the United States, for purposes of comparison with the Canadian licensing and environmental evaluation processes discussed in a companion paper. This paper is one of twelve working papers prepared for a study of the international environmental risks of large-scale coastal energy developments in the Gulf of Maine - Bay of Fundy region. The study was conducted by a team of investigators from the University of Southern Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Support for the project was provided by the William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. of New York, NY and the Max Bell Foundation of Toronto, Canada. This working paper examine the International Joint Commission’s (IJC's) potential role in the prevention or resolution of transboundary environmental problems affecting marine waters. After describing the Boundary Waters Treaty and the IJC's operations under it, the paper concludes that the Commission's reference process can be of benefit to a partial resolution of such problems. This paper is one of twelve working papers prepared for a study of the international environmental risks of large-scale coastal energy developments in the Gulf of Maine - Bay of Fundy region. The study was conducted by a team of investigators from the University of Southern Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Support for the project was provided by the William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. of New York, NY and the Max Bell Foundation of Toronto, Canada. This paper examines potential environmental injuries, such as oil spills, caused by coastal energy development in the Bay of Fundy-Gulf of Maine region. To examine these potential impacts, this resource explores private lawsuits brought upon past coastal energy developers. This paper is one of twelve working papers prepared for a study of the international environmental risks of large-scale coastal energy developments in the Gulf of Maine - Bay of Fundy region. The United States and Canada resolve problems and differences between them through a variety of mechanisms: ad hoc consultations, formal negotiations, arbitration and judicial settlement, and referral for decision or recommendation to special joint bodies such as bilateral commissions. Each of these mechanisms draws to a varying degree on a body of principles and standards of international law governing the behavior of nations. This working paper examines these principles and their potential applicability to United States - Canadian coastal energy developments affecting the transboundary region of the Bay of Fundy - Gulf of Maine System. The areas explored include international law of the environment and transfrontier pollution, rules for the use of international watercourses, and general principles of state responsibility. The paper’s main focus is on the content of the relevant rules and principles and then upon their potential application to the area under study. This paper is one of twelve working papers prepared for a study of the international environmental risks of large-scale coastal energy developments in the Gulf of Maine - Bay of Fundy region. The study was conducted by a team of investigators from the University of Southern Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Support for the project was provided by the William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. of New York, NY and the Max Bell Foundation of Toronto, Canada. This paper explores in a general sense the meaning of adequacy with respect to the proposed Fundy tidal power project. It then considers two approaches to applying scientific information to environmental decision-making. The first utilizes analogs as a basis for making predictions. The second draws on existing scientific and technical information about tidal power operation and the geographic area under consideration. This approach provides an, overview of current scientific understanding about the Fundy-Gulf of Maine system, and it suggests direction of change, extrapolated from similar perturbations of the local ecosystems. This paper is one of twelve working papers prepared for a study of the international environmental risks of large-scale coastal energy developments in the Gulf of Maine - Bay of Fundy region. The study was conducted by a team of investigators from the University of Southern Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Support for the project was provided by the William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. of New York, NY and the Max Bell Foundation of Toronto, Canada. In the early 1970s, the Pittston Company proposed to build and operate a 250,000 barrel/day capacity oil refinery and associated deepwater terminal for very large crude carrier vessels (VLCCs). They chose to locate this facility at Deep Cove in Eastport, Maine where they acquired an option on former airport land from the city of Eastport. This resource documents the story of this oil refinery, and uses it as a case study of U.S. environmental decision making. This resource documents the findings of an interdisciplinary research team brought together to conduct a comparative study of U.S. and Canadian environmental decision making, focusing on coastal energy development in the transboundary Bay of Fundy - Gulf of Maine region. Two proposed projects were examined: the Pittston Company's oil terminal port and refinery complex in Eastport, Maine and the Tidal Power Corporation's large-scale, tidal power facility in the upper Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia. The projects were selected for case studies because of their potential for causing significant, transboundary environmental impacts within an oceanic region that functions as a unified ecosystem. Special attention was given to the Fundy tidal power project because of its unique transboundary environmental implications, while the Pittston oil refinery study served as a basis for comparing U.S. and Canadian environmental decision making. There are twelve working papers which go along with this report. This report reviews scientific research concerning the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine ecosystems in order to provide a basis for subsequent discussion of the adequacy of existing research to address projections of Fundy tidal power's transboundary effects. Part I introduces the geographic extent of the effects attributed to the proposed project; the variability of the forces and the linkages which structure the Bay and the Gulf; and the categories of effects which may be expected. Part II presents an analysis of the basis for predicting changes in the Bay and Gulf tidal regimes. The next sections (Parts III and IV) provide an analytical summary of relevant research on this region. Parts V and VI review phenomena which may contribute to predicted changes in the tidal regime. |